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Gaius Julius Caesar [a] (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC.
During his early career, Caesar had seen how chaotic and dysfunctional the Roman Republic had become. The republican machinery had broken down under the weight of imperialism, the central government had become powerless, the provinces had been transformed into independent principalities under the absolute control of their governors, and the army had replaced the constitution as the means of ...
Despite their ancient pedigree, the Julii Caesares were not especially politically influential, having produced only three consuls.Caesar's father also called Gaius Julius Caesar, reached the rank of praetor, the second highest of the Republic's elected magistracies, and governed the province of Asia, perhaps through the influence of his prominent brother-in-law Gaius Marius.
Caesar, Life of a Colossus—A biography of Julius Caesar written by Adrian Goldsworthy and published in 2006 by Yale University Press. [40] [41] Life of Caesar—A biography of Julius Caesar written in Ancient Greek in the beginning of the 2nd century AD by the Greek moralist Plutarch, as part of his Parallel Lives. [42] [43]
Julius Caesar was awarded the Civic Crown for his service in Siege of Mytilene. Gaius Julius Caesar was born into an influential patrician family, the gens Julia. His father, Gaius Julius Caesar, was the governor of the province of Asia, and his mother, Aurelia, came from an influential family who were supporters of Sulla.
The Acta Caesaris (Acts of Caesar) are the published and unpublished legal acts that were passed or planned by Julius Caesar in his position as Roman dictator. Notably, the Acta Caesaris included: Certain acts passed and already enforced, such as the conferment of numerous offices to members of the populares and the optimates.
Furthermore, Caesar's land bills were under attack by a tribune – perhaps under Pompey's influence – who wanted to deny Caesar's veterans from receiving land under his lex Julia agraria upon their retirement. [135] And in the summer, fighting started back up, with campaigns against a Veneti uprising in northwestern Gaul. [136]
De vita Caesarum (Latin; lit. "About the Life of the Caesars"), commonly known as The Twelve Caesars or The Lives of the Twelve Caesars, is a set of twelve biographies of Julius Caesar and the first 11 emperors of the Roman Empire written by Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus.