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The fastest wind speed not related to tornadoes ever recorded was during the passage of Tropical Cyclone Olivia on 10 April 1996: an automatic weather station on Barrow Island, Australia, registered a maximum wind gust of 113.3 m/s (408 km/h; 253 mph; 220.2 kn; 372 ft/s) [6] [7] The wind gust was evaluated by the WMO Evaluation Panel, who found ...
In common usage, wind gradient, more specifically wind speed gradient [1] or wind velocity gradient, [2] or alternatively shear wind, [3] is the vertical component of the gradient of the mean horizontal wind speed in the lower atmosphere. [4] It is the rate of increase of wind strength with unit increase in height above ground level.
The time that a sonic pulse takes to travel from one transducer to its pair is inversely proportionate to the speed of sound in air plus the wind velocity in the same direction: = (+) where is the time of flight, is the distance between transducers, is the speed of sound in air and is the wind velocity. In other words, the faster the wind is ...
In this equation, represents the wind velocity measured at height , and is the von Kármán constant, roughly valued at 0.4. This relationship is indicative of the logarithmic wind profile, which describes the variation of wind speed with altitude, influenced by surface texture and atmospheric conditions.
The wind profile power law relationship is = where is the wind speed (in metres per second) at height (in metres), and is the known wind speed at a reference height .The exponent is an empirically derived coefficient that varies dependent upon the stability of the atmosphere.
Flow visualization of wind speed contours around a house Wind engineering covers the aerodynamic effects of buildings Damaged wind turbines due to hurricane Maria. Wind engineering is a subset of mechanical engineering, structural engineering, meteorology, and applied physics that analyzes the effects of wind in the natural and the built environment and studies the possible damage ...
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Roughness length is a parameter of some vertical wind profile equations that model the horizontal mean wind speed near the ground. In the log wind profile, it is equivalent to the height at which the wind speed theoretically becomes zero in the absence of wind-slowing obstacles and under neutral conditions. In reality, the wind at this height ...