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Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) describes a set of highly-related glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion. CEA is normally produced in gastrointestinal tissue during fetal development, but the production stops before birth. Consequently, CEA is usually present at very low levels in the blood of healthy adults (about 2–4 ng/mL). [2]
Cancer in cats can occur in any location or body system, [3] and most symptoms can be detected externally. [2] While each type of cancer has its own distinctive symptoms, most indicate their presence by the occurrence and the prolonged presence of any common symptom. [1] Some of the general symptoms of cancer in cats are: [3]
No screening test is wholly specific, and a high level of tumor marker can still be found in benign tumors. The only tumor marker currently used in screening is PSA (prostate-specific antigen). Diagnostics; Tumor markers alone can't be used for diagnostic purposes, due to lack of sensitivity and specificity. [4]
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (biliary glycoprotein) (CEACAM1) also known as CD66a (Cluster of Differentiation 66a), is a human glycoprotein, and a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family.
Carcinoembryonic antigen peptide-1 is a nine amino acid peptide fragment of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a protein that is overexpressed in several cancer cell types, including gastrointestinal, breast, and non-small-cell lung. Synonyms: CAP-1; Carcinoembryonic Antigen Peptide-1; Carcinoembryonic Peptide-1; CEA Peptide 1; CEA Peptide 9-mer
In cats, the antibodies are already present in the mother's blood before parturition. The blood group antigens are similar in structure to the antigen of a common bacteria in the gut of cats leading to antibody formation. Kittens obtain the majority of their immune response from the colostrum, and are not born with a strong immune response.
Another example is carcinoembryonic antigen, which is elevated in people with colon cancer and other tumors. Other oncofetal antigens are trophoblast glycoprotein precursor [1] and immature laminin receptor protein (also known as oncofetal antigen protein). Oncofetal antigens are promising targets for vaccination against several types of cancers.
The reason is that the test may be falsely normal (false negative) in many cases or abnormally elevated in people who have no cancer (false positive) in others. The main use of CA19-9 is therefore to see whether a pancreatic tumor is secreting it; if that is the case, then the levels should fall when the tumor is treated, and they may rise ...