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A central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor, often abbreviated as PNET, supratentorial PNET, or CNS-PNET, [1] is one of the 3 types of embryonal central nervous system tumors (medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, and PNET). [2]
PNET of the CNS generally refer to supratentorial PNETs. In the past medulloblastomas were considered PNETs; however, they are genetically, transcriptionally and clinically distinct. As such, "infratentorial" PNETs are now referred to as medulloblastoma [citation needed].
Medulloblastoma is a common type of primary brain cancer in children. It originates in the part of the brain that is towards the back and the bottom, on the floor of the skull, in the cerebellum, or posterior fossa.
One review estimated 52% in the posterior fossa, 39% are supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (sPNET), 5% are in the pineal, 2% are spinal, and 2% are multifocal. [3] In the United States, three children per 1,000,000 or around 30 new AT/RT cases are diagnosed each year. AT/RT represents around 3% of pediatric cancers of the CNS. [4]
The supratentorial region contains the cerebrum, while the infratentorial region contains the cerebellum. Although the Roman era anatomist Galen commented upon it, the functional significance of this neuroanatomical division was first described using ‘modern’ terminology by John Hughlings Jackson , founding editor of the medical journal Brain .
The free border of the tentorium is U-shaped; it forms an aperture - the tentorial notch (tentorial incisure) - which gives passage to the midbrain.The free border of each side extends anteriorly beyond the medial end of the superior petrosal sinus (i.e. the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone [citation needed]) to overlap the attached margin, thenceforth forming a ridge of dura ...
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNT, DNET) is a type of brain tumor.Most commonly found in the temporal lobe, DNTs have been classified as benign tumours. [1] These are glioneuronal tumours comprising both glial and neuron cells and often have ties to focal cortical dysplasia.
Types of brain herniation. [6]The tentorium is an extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum.There are two major classes of herniation: supratentorial and infratentorial.