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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 January 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
In 628, the Quraysh tribe of Mecca and the Muslims in Medina entered into a 10-year pact called the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. However, in 630 (8 A.H.), the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was breached as a result of the aggression of the Banu Bakr , a confederate of the Quraysh, against the Banu Khuza'ah , who had recently entered into an alliance with the ...
Yathrib renamed "Medina." [5] Baqi Cemetery established. 623 CE - Masjid al-Qiblatayn (Mosque of the two Qiblas) built. 624 CE - Prophet's House built. [1] 627 March–April: Battle of the Trench. [6] Constitution of Medina created (approximate date). [7] 630 - Medina and Mecca "established as the holy cities of Islam." [3] 632 CE / 11 H. 8 ...
The Masjid al-Haram (the Grand Mosque) in Mecca is the location of the Kaaba, Islam's holiest site, and the Masjid al-Nabawi (the Prophet's Mosque) in Medina is the location of Muhammad's tomb; as a result, from the 7th century, Mecca and Medina became pilgrimage destinations for large numbers of Muslims from across the Muslim world. [30]
The first Islamic State, also known as State of Medina, [4] was the first Islamic state established by Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina in 622 under the Constitution of Medina. It represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah (nation).
Medina, [a] officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (Arabic: المدينة المنورة, romanized: al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, lit. 'The Luminous City', Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [al.maˈdiːna al.mʊˈnawːara]) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (المدينة, al-Madina), is the capital of Medina Province (formerly known as Yathrib) in the Hejaz region of western Saudi ...
When the Ottomans conquered Mamluk territory in 1517, [8] the role of the Ottoman sultan in the Hijaz was first and foremost to take care of the Holy Cities of Mecca and Medina and provide safe passage for the many Muslims from various regions who traveled to Mecca to perform the Hajj. [9]
The Hijrah [a], also Hegira (from Medieval Latin), was the journey the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers took from Mecca to Medina. [3] [4] The year in which the Hijrah took place is also identified as the epoch of the Lunar Hijri [b] and Solar Hijri calendars; its date equates to 16 July 622 in the Julian calendar.