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A cyclic group is a group which is equal to one of its cyclic subgroups: G = g for some element g, called a generator of G. For a finite cyclic group G of order n we have G = {e, g, g 2, ... , g n−1}, where e is the identity element and g i = g j whenever i ≡ j (mod n); in particular g n = g 0 = e, and g −1 = g n−1.
[5] [6] [7] (See also cyclic group for some characterization.) There exist finite groups other than cyclic groups with the property that all proper subgroups are cyclic; the Klein group is an example. However, the Klein group has more than one subgroup of order 2, so it does not meet the conditions of the characterization.
In group theory, a branch of mathematics, a subset of a group G is a subgroup of G if the members of that subset form a group with respect to the group operation in G. Formally, given a group G under a binary operation ∗, a subset H of G is called a subgroup of G if H also forms a group under the operation ∗.
From an algebraic point of view, this means that the set of all integers (with the addition operation) is the "only" infinite cyclic group. Some groups can be proven to be isomorphic, relying on the axiom of choice, but the proof does not indicate how to construct a concrete isomorphism. Examples:
Let R + be the group of positive real numbers under multiplication. Then the direct product R + × R + is the group of all vectors in the first quadrant under the operation of component-wise multiplication (x 1, y 1) × (x 2, y 2) = (x 1 × x 2, y 1 × y 2). Let G and H be cyclic groups with two elements each:
In abstract algebra, a basic subgroup is a subgroup of an abelian group which is a direct sum of cyclic subgroups and satisfies further technical conditions. This notion was introduced by L. Ya. Kulikov (for p-groups) and by László Fuchs (in general) in an attempt to formulate classification theory of infinite abelian groups that goes beyond the Prüfer theorems.
Every group of square-free order, and every group with cyclic Sylow subgroups (a Z-group), is supersolvable. Every irreducible complex representation of a finite supersolvable group is monomial, that is, induced from a linear character of a subgroup. In other words, every finite supersolvable group is a monomial group.
It can be shown that a finite p-group with this property (every abelian subgroup is cyclic) is either cyclic or a generalized quaternion group as defined above. [12] Another characterization is that a finite p-group in which there is a unique subgroup of order p is either cyclic or a 2-group isomorphic to generalized quaternion group. [13]