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Uncovered concrete dries from the top down. Concrete moisture meters measure only the top inch at most [5] and this area is drier than the concrete further down. Once a floor covering has been installed the moisture in the slab equilibrates. In order to ensure the equilibrated moisture will be a safe level [6] for a floor covering, a relative ...
Epoxy moisture control systems can be applied over concrete with relative humidity levels up to 100%, and there are systems available on the market today that can be applied over concrete that is physically damp. In some cases, with the use of an epoxy moisture control system, floor coverings can be installed just 7 days after the slab is poured.
A common example is polyethylene sheeting laid under a concrete slab to prevent the concrete from gaining moisture through capillary action. [5] A DPM may be used for the DPC. Integral damp proofing in concrete involves adding materials to the concrete mix to make the concrete itself impermeable.
Concrete sealers are applied to concrete to protect it from surface damage, corrosion, and staining. They either block the pores in the concrete to reduce absorption of water and salts or form an impermeable layer which prevents such materials from passing.
Strengths above 40 MPa (5,800 psi) are often used for specific building elements. For example, the lower floor columns of high-rise concrete buildings may use concrete of 80 MPa (11,600 psi) or more, to keep the size of the columns small. Bridges may use long beams of high-strength concrete to lower the number of spans required.
For example, toothpaste commonly contains small amounts of chalk, which serves as a mild abrasive. [27] Polishing chalk is chalk prepared with a carefully controlled grain size, for very fine polishing of metals. [28] French chalk (also known as tailor's chalk) is traditionally a hard chalk used to make temporary markings on cloth, mainly by ...
Polished concrete may be considered a form of sustainable design flooring, if less material is used than in comparable types of flooring. [citation needed] Polished concrete floors have the following advantages: low-maintenance [7] – polished concrete is easily maintained with the use of clean water or a neutral pH cleaner. The application of ...
For example, pharmaceuticals that pick up more than 5% by mass, between 40 and 90% relative humidity at 25 °C, are described as hygroscopic, while materials that pick up less than 1%, under the same conditions are regarded as non-hygroscopic. [32] The amount of moisture held by hygroscopic materials is usually proportional to the relative ...