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The Bar Kokhba revolt [b] (Hebrew: מֶרֶד בַּר כּוֹכְבָא, romanized: Mereḏ Bar Kōḵḇāʾ ) was a large-scale armed rebellion initiated by the Jews of Judaea, led by Simon bar Kokhba, against the Roman Empire in 132 CE. [9]
During the revolt, the Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva regarded Simon as the Jewish messiah; the Talmud records his statement that the Star Prophecy verse from Numbers 24:17: [10] "There shall come a star out of Jacob," [11] referred to him, based on identification of the Hebrew word for star, kokhav, and his name, bar Kozeva.
Diaspora revolt (115–117)—known as the "Rebellion of the Exile" and sometimes called the Second Jewish–Roman War; includes the Kitos War in Judaea; Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136)—also called the Second Jewish–Roman War (when Kitos War is not counted), or the Third (when the Kitos War is counted).
Ancient Jewish sources date it to 52 years after Vespasian's war (66–73 CE) and 16 years before the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136). The Kitos War occurred amid the broader Diaspora Revolt of 115–117, which saw Jewish uprisings across the Roman East, including Egypt, Libya, Cyprus, and Mesopotamia.
The revolt lasted for three years, and initially the rebels achieved great success, even gaining the support of the sages of the generation, led by Rabbi Akiva. As time passed, the revolt was crushed. Hundreds of thousands of Jews were killed, and the Jewish community in the Land of Israel was destroyed.
The term "Diaspora Revolt" (115–117 CE; [1] Hebrew: מרד הגלויות, romanized: mered ha-galuyot, or מרד התפוצות, mered ha-tfutzot, 'rebellion of the diaspora'; Latin: Tumultus Iudaicus [2]), also known as the Trajanic Revolt [3] and sometimes as the Second Jewish–Roman War, [a] [4] refers to a series of uprisings that occurred in Jewish diaspora communities across the ...
Jewish revolt may refer to the following: Judah's revolts against Babylon 601- 586 BCE; Maccabean revolt 167–141 BCE; Judas of Galilee uprisings in 4 BCE and 6 CE; Jacob and Simon uprising 46 CE; Jewish–Roman wars 66–135 First Jewish–Roman War 66–73; Kitos War 115–17; Bar Kokhba revolt 132–35; Jewish revolt against Constantius ...
Legio XXII Deiotariana ("Deiotarus' Twenty-Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army, founded ca. 48 BC and disbanded or destroyed during the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132–136. Its cognomen comes from Deiotarus, a Celtic king of Galatia. Its emblem is unknown.