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The tritone substitution, an harmonic device common in jazz chord progressions where a dominant V chord is substituted with a bII7 chord (or a secondary dominant II7 chord with a bVI7 chord, etc.), whose common justification is the enharmonicity of the tritones of both chords (G7 has a B-F tritone whereas D♭7 has an enharmonic Cb-F tritone ...
In the standard Coltrane change cycle the ii–V–I is substituted with a progression of chords that cycle back to the V–I at the end. In a 4 4 piece, each chord gets two beats per change. Coltrane developed this modified chord progression for "Countdown", which is much more complex.
The substitute chord must have some harmonic quality and degree of function in common with the original chord, and often only differs by one or two notes. Scott DeVeaux describes a "penchant in modern jazz for harmonic substitution." [8] One simple type of chord substitution is to replace a given chord with a chord that has the same function.
Circle progression: vi–ii–V–I: 4: Major Coltrane changes: Coltrane changes in C: I–V/ ♭ VI ♭ VI–V/III III–V I. 6: Major Eight-bar blues: I–V–IV–IV–I–V–I–V: 3: Major Folia: i–V–i– ♭ VII– ♭ III– ♭ VII–i–V–i–V–i– ♭ VII– ♭ III– ♭ VII–i–V–i: 4: Minor Irregular resolution
Equal chords are subtended by equal angles from the center of the circle. A chord that passes through the center of a circle is called a diameter and is the longest chord of that specific circle. If the line extensions (secant lines) of chords AB and CD intersect at a point P, then their lengths satisfy AP·PB = CP·PD (power of a point theorem).
Tritone substitution works very well on standards, because the chord progressions typically utilize the II – V–I progression and the circle of fifths. For example, a jazz standard using a chord progression of Dm7 – G7 – Cmaj7 could easily be reharmonized to Dm7 – D ♭ 7 – Cmaj7, (G7 is replaced with the dominant 7th chord a tritone ...
In a jazz band, these chord changes are usually played in the key of B ♭ [7] with various chord substitutions.Here is a typical form for the A section with various common substitutions, including bVII 7 in place of the minor iv chord; the addition of a ii–V progression (Fm 7 –B ♭ 7) that briefly tonicizes the IV chord, E ♭; using iii in place of I in bar 7 (the end of the first A ...
Backdoor compared with the dominant (front door) in the chromatic circle: they share two tones and are transpositionally equivalent. In jazz and jazz harmony, the chord progression from iv 7 to ♭ VII 7 to I (the tonic or "home" chord) has been nicknamed the backdoor progression [1] [2] or the backdoor ii-V, as described by jazz theorist and author Jerry Coker.