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[4] [5] However, rhinovirus infection can cause more severe disease in infants, [6] [7] the elderly, and the immunocompromised. Rhinoviruses are also recognized as a major cause of asthma exacerbations. [8] As of April 2024, there are no FDA-approved vaccines or antiviral treatments for rhinovirus infection. [5]
In children, half of cases resolve in 10 days and 90% in 15 days. [92] Severe complications, if they occur, are usually in the very old, the very young, or those who are immunosuppressed. [21] Secondary bacterial infections may occur resulting in sinusitis, pharyngitis, or an ear infection. [93]
An upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is an illness caused by an acute infection, which involves the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx or trachea. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] This commonly includes nasal obstruction, sore throat, tonsillitis , pharyngitis , laryngitis , sinusitis , otitis media , and the common cold .
Rhinitis is commonly caused by a viral or bacterial infection, including the common cold, which is caused by Rhinoviruses, Coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, metapneumovirus, and measles virus, or bacterial ...
Adoption of ICD-10-CM was slow in the United States. Since 1979, the US had required ICD-9-CM codes [11] for Medicare and Medicaid claims, and most of the rest of the American medical industry followed suit. On 1 January 1999 the ICD-10 (without clinical extensions) was adopted for reporting mortality, but ICD-9-CM was still used for morbidity ...
Unlike all other enteroviruses, EV-D68 displays acid lability and a lower optimum growth temperature, both characteristic features of the human rhinoviruses. It was previously called human rhinovirus 87 by some researchers. [5] Since the year 2000, the original virus strains diversified and evolved a genetically distinct outbreak strain, clade B1.
Coronaviruses have a worldwide distribution, causing 10–15% of common cold cases (the virus most commonly implicated in the common cold is a rhinovirus, found in 30–50% of cases). [17] Infections show a seasonal pattern with most cases occurring in the winter months in temperate climates, and summer and spring in warm climates.
Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in one or both lungs. The pulmonary alveoli fill with fluid or pus making it difficult to breathe. [1] Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. [1] Viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia in children, while in adults bacteria are a more common cause. [2]