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Interpreting notes are not a form of shorthand. Their purpose is to write minimal notes which will, at a quick glance, elicit in the interpreter's mind the intent of an oral communication so that it can be re-expressed in a different language. It is not appropriate to document a speech in shorthand, as this would result in task duplication.
Position papers in academia enable discussion on emerging topics without the experimentation and original research normally present in an academic paper.Commonly, such a document will substantiate the opinions or positions put forward with evidences from an extensive objective discussion of the topic.
In 1923, Time magazine launched as the first major publication to provide readers with a more analytical interpretation of the news. Many papers responded with a new type of reporting that became known as interpretive journalism. [8]
Independent Enquiry Study (IES; Chinese: 獨立專題探究), which is adopted as the school-based assessment (SBA), counting as 20% of students’ total result in Liberal Studies and sharing one-third of teaching hours, is a compulsory public examination component of the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) offered by Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) since ...
A research statement is a summary of research achievements and a proposal for upcoming research. It often includes both current aims and findings, and future goals. Research statements are usually requested as part of a relevant job application process, and often assist in the identification of appropriate applicants.
An op-ed (abbreviated from "opposite the editorial page") is an opinion piece that appears on a page in the newspaper dedicated solely to them, often written by a subject-matter expert, a person with a unique perspective on an issue, or a regular columnist employed by the paper.
In literary interpretation, paratext is material that surrounds a published main text (e.g., the story, non-fiction description, poems, etc.) supplied by the authors, editors, printers, and publishers. These added elements form a frame for the main text, and can change the reception of a text or its interpretation by the public.
Journals such as Science and the American Journal of Medicine increasingly relied on external reviewers in the 1950s and 1960s, in part to reduce the editorial workload. [14] In the 20th century, peer review also became common for science funding allocations. This process appears to have developed independently from that of editorial peer review.