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Most commonly, researchers have advocated salt weathering as the primary explanation for the formation of honeycomb weathering. Currently, it is considered to be polygenetic in origin; being the result of complex interaction of physical and chemical weathering processes, which include salt weathering and cyclic wetting and drying.
A COLE value of 0.06 means that 100 inches of soil will expand by 6 inches when wet. [2] Soils with this shrink-swell capacity fall under the soil order of Vertisols. [6] As these soils dry, deep cracks can form on the surface, which then allows water to penetrate to deeper levels of the soil. [7]
Due to the hysteretic effect of water filling and draining the pores, different wetting and drying curves may be distinguished. The general features of a water retention curve can be seen in the figure, in which the volume water content, θ, is plotted against the matric potential, . At potentials close to zero, a soil is close to saturation ...
The materials left after the rock breaks down combine with organic material to create soil. Many of Earth's landforms and landscapes are the result of weathering, erosion and redeposition. Weathering is a crucial part of the rock cycle; sedimentary rock, the product of weathered rock, covers 66% of the Earth's continents and much of the ocean ...
The inorganic cycle begins with the production of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3) from rainwater and gaseous carbon dioxide. [6] Due to this process, normal rain has a pH of around 5.6. [7] Carbonic acid is a weak acid, but over long timescales, it can dissolve silicate rocks
An essential feature for the formation of laterite is the repetition of wet and dry seasons. [15] Rocks are leached by percolating rain water during the wet season; the resulting solution containing the leached ions is brought to the surface by capillary action during the dry season. [15]
Neolithic Subpluvial/African humid period in North Africa, wet 7000–3000: Holocene climatic optimum, or Atlantic in northern Europe (B-S) 6200: 8.2-kiloyear event cold 5000–4100: Older Peron warm and wet, global sea levels were 2.5 to 4 meters (8 to 13 feet) higher than the twentieth-century average 3900: 5.9 kiloyear event dry and cold. 3500
The carbon then becomes part of a sedimentary rock when lithification happens. Human technology or natural processes such as weathering, or underground life or water can return the carbon from sedimentary rocks to the atmosphere. From that point it can be transformed in the rock cycle into metamorphic rocks, or melted into igneous rocks.