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  2. Organic chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistry

    Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms. [1]

  3. History of chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_chemistry

    The Gibbs free energy relates the tendency of a physical or chemical system to simultaneously lower its energy and increase its disorder, or entropy, in a spontaneous natural process. Gibbs's approach allows a researcher to calculate the change in free energy in the process, such as in a chemical reaction, and how fast it will happen.

  4. Hermeticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeticism

    [11] However, Hermeticism’s influence was most pronounced in Gnostic traditions , which shared with Hermeticism an emphasis on esoteric knowledge as the key to salvation . Both movements taught that the soul’s true home was in the divine realm and that the material world was a place of exile, albeit with a more positive view in Hermeticism.

  5. The Tortured Poets Department - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tortured_Poets_Department

    The Tortured Poets Department [a] is the eleventh studio album by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released on April 19, 2024, by Republic Records.Two hours after its release, it was expanded into a double album subtitled The Anthology, containing a second volume of songs.

  6. Paracelsus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus

    Paracelsus was born in Egg an der Sihl [], [18] a village close to the Etzel Pass in Einsiedeln, Schwyz.He was born in a house next to a bridge across the Sihl river.His father Wilhelm (d. 1534) was a chemist and physician, an illegitimate descendant of the Swabian noble Georg [] Bombast von Hohenheim (1453–1499), commander of the Order of Saint John in Rohrdorf.

  7. Classical element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_element

    They were seen by early alchemists as idealized expressions of irreducible components of the universe [41] and are of larger consideration within philosophical alchemy. The three metallic principles—sulphur to flammability or combustion, mercury to volatility and stability, and salt to solidity—became the tria prima of the Swiss alchemist ...

  8. Platonic solid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_solid

    The Platonic solids have been known since antiquity. It has been suggested that certain carved stone balls created by the late Neolithic people of Scotland represent these shapes; however, these balls have rounded knobs rather than being polyhedral, the numbers of knobs frequently differed from the numbers of vertices of the Platonic solids, there is no ball whose knobs match the 20 vertices ...

  9. History of physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_physics

    The scientific revolution of the 17th century, especially the discovery of the law of gravity, began a process knowledge accumulation and specialization that gave rise to the field of physics. Mathematical advances of the 18th century gave rise to classical mechanics and the increased used of the experimental method lead new understanding of ...