Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Because the hydrolysis of sodium is rapid, not to mention dangerous, the Bouveault-Blanc reaction requires anhydrous ethanol and can give low yields with insufficiently dry ethanol. [9] [8] The mechanism of the reaction follows: [1] Consistent with this mechanism, sodium-ethanol mixtures will also reduce ketones to alcohols. [10]
The Chugaev elimination is a chemical reaction that involves the elimination of water from alcohols to produce alkenes.The intermediate is a xanthate.It is named for its discoverer, the Russian chemist Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev (1873–1922), who first reported the reaction sequence in 1899.
Kinetic studies were conducted on isotopically substituted allyl alcohols at standard industrial conditions (with low-chloride concentrations) to probe the reaction mechanisms. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Those results showed that nucleophilic attack is a slow process, while the proposed mechanisms explaining the earlier stereochemical studies assumed ...
In chemistry, a reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical reaction occurs. [ 1 ] A chemical mechanism is a theoretical conjecture that tries to describe in detail what takes place at each stage of an overall chemical reaction.
This reaction sequence is thus a condensation reaction since there is a net loss of HCl when the two reactant molecules join. [7] Arrow-pushing mechanism for the Darzens reaction. If the starting halide is an α-halo amide, the product is an α,β-epoxy amide. [8] If an α-halo ketone is used, the product is an α,β-epoxy ketone. [2]
The reaction is a representative of 1,2-rearrangements. The long-established reaction mechanism was first proposed in its entirety by Christopher Kelk Ingold, and has been updated with in silico data [6] as outlined below. The reaction is second order overall in terms of rate, being first order in diketone and first order in base.
The photo-Favorskii reaction has been used in the photochemical unlocking of certain phosphates (for instance those of ATP) protected by p-hydroxyphenacyl groups. [13] The deprotection proceeds through a triplet diradical ( 3 ) and a dione spiro intermediate ( 4 ) although the latter has thus far eluded detection.
Protons tunnel across a series of hydrogen bonds between hydronium ions and water molecules.. The Grotthuss mechanism (also known as proton jumping) is a model for the process by which an 'excess' proton or proton defect diffuses through the hydrogen bond network of water molecules or other hydrogen-bonded liquids through the formation and concomitant cleavage of covalent bonds involving ...