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Morning sickness, also called nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is a symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea or vomiting. [1] Despite the name, nausea or vomiting can occur at any time during the day. [2] Typically the symptoms occur between the 4th and 16th weeks of pregnancy. [2]
The exact cause of morning sickness remains unknown. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is typically mild and self-limited, resolving on its own by the 14th week of pregnancy. Other causes should also be ruled out when considering treatment. Initial treatment is typically conservative, and may include changes to diet and emotional support.
Vomiting is a common condition affecting about 50% of pregnant women, with another 25% having nausea. [48] However, the incidence of HG is only 0.3–1.5%. [ 4 ] After preterm labor, hyperemesis gravidarum is the second most common reason for hospital admission during the first half of pregnancy. [ 16 ]
Antihistamines may be prescribed in early pregnancy for the treatment of nausea and vomiting along with symptoms of asthma and allergies. [54] First generation antihistamines include diphenhydramine (Benadryl), chlorpheniramine (Diabetic Tussin), hydroxyzine (Atarax), and doxepin (Sinequan). [55]
In cases of gastroenteritis, serotonin antagonists such as ondansetron were found to suppress nausea and vomiting, as well as reduce the need for IV fluid resuscitation. [22] The combination of pyridoxine and doxylamine is the first line treatment for pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting. [22]
Hyperemesis gravidarum, which is a severe form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy can lead to nutritional deficiencies, weight loss, electrolytes imbalance and is one of the leading causes of hospitalization in the first trimester of pregnancy. [36] Constipation is another GI symptom that is commonly encountered during pregnancy. It is ...
Preliminary clinical data suggests ginger may be effective for treatment of nausea and/or vomiting in a number of settings. [19] [20] [21] Emetrol is also claimed to be an effective antiemetic. Propofol is given intravenously. It has been used in an acute care setting in hospital as a rescue therapy for emesis. [22]
The best-studied alternative therapy is perhaps the use of acupressure for pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting. [citation needed] Wristbands with acupressure buttons are commercially available. An implanted device with attached electrodes into the gastric wall can be an option for patients with refractory nausea and vomiting. [9]
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