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  2. Pope Innocent XI - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XI

    Pope Innocent XI (Latin: Innocentius XI; Italian: Innocenzo XI; 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689), born Benedetto Odescalchi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 September 1676 until his death on 12 August 1689. Political and religious tensions with Louis XIV of France were a constant preoccupation for Innocent ...

  3. List of popes who died violently - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_popes_who_died...

    A collection of popes have had violent deaths through the centuries. The circumstances have ranged from martyrdom (Pope Stephen I) to war (Lucius II), to an alleged beating by a jealous husband (Pope John XII). A number of other popes have died under circumstances that some believe to be murder, but for which definitive evidence has not been found. Martyr popes This list is incomplete ; you ...

  4. 1676 papal conclave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1676_Papal_conclave

    Once pope-elect, Innocent XI made the College swear to the Conclave capitulation that had been drafted by the previous conclave before accepting his election, in an attempt to avoid any limits to the papal supremacy. Innocent was then formally enthroned as pope on 4 October 1676. Cardinals Virginio Orsini and Carlo Bonelli both died during the ...

  5. 1689 papal conclave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1689_Papal_conclave

    The 1689 papal conclave was convened after the death of Pope Innocent XI. It led to the election of Cardinal Pietro Vito Ottoboni as Pope Alexander VIII. The conclave saw previous factions join together because they lacked numerical strength, and saw the rise of the zelanti as a political force in the election of the next pope. Ottoboni was ...

  6. Great Turkish War - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Turkish_War

    A new Holy League was initiated by Pope Innocent XI and encompassed the Holy Roman Empire (headed by the Habsburg monarchy), the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Venetian Republic in 1684, [11] joined by Russia in 1686. Holy League's troops besieged and conquered Buda in 1686 what was under Ottoman's rule since 1541.

  7. Pope acknowledges his Russia comments were faulty - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/pope-acknowledges-russia...

    Pope Francis acknowledged on Monday that his recent comments on Russia, seen by Ukraine as praise for imperialism, were badly phrased and said his intention was to remind young Russians of a great ...

  8. List of Crusades - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_crusades

    The Great Turkish War, also known as The Fourteenth Crusade [203] was a crusade undertaken by the Holy League of Pope Innocent XI [204] against the Ottoman Empire which met with an unprecedented Crusader success leading to the recovery of most of Hungary, Transylvania, Podolia and Morea to Christian rule and the beginning of the decline of the ...

  9. Pope implicitly accuses Russia of aggression, imperialism in ...

    www.aol.com/news/pope-implicitly-accuses-russia...

    VATICAN CITY (Reuters) -Pope Francis implicitly accused Russia on Thursday of "armed conquest, expansionism and imperialism" in Ukraine, calling the conflict a "cruel and senseless war of aggression".