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[44] [45] A common simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of state is not a monarch. [46] [47] Montesquieu included both democracies, where all the people have a share in rule, and aristocracies or oligarchies, where only some of the people rule, as republican forms of government. [48] These categories are not exclusive.
Charismatic authority. In the field of sociology, charismatic authority is a concept of organizational leadership wherein the authority of the leader derives from the personal charisma of the leader. In the tripartite classification of authority, the sociologist Max Weber contrasts charismatic authority (character, heroism, leadership ...
The term may also refer to managerial and directorial executives in the corporate sector. [citation needed] Role in society. [edit] Bureaucrats play various roles in modern society, by virtue of holding administrative, functional, and managerial positions in government. [2][3][4]They carry out the day-to-day implementation of enacted policies ...
v. t. e. A nation is a large type of social organization where a collective identity, a national identity, has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population, such as language, history, ethnicity, culture, territory or society. Some nations are constructed around ethnicity (see ethnic nationalism) while others are bound ...
v. t. e. Bureaucracy ( / bjʊəˈrɒkrəsi /; bure-OK-rə-see) is a system of organization where decisions are made by a body of non-elected officials. [ 1] Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. [ 2] Today, bureaucracy is the administrative system governing any ...
Limited government is closely associated with constitutions and constitutionalism; the United States Constitution of 1789 and the French Constitution of 1793 were both enacted in an effort to reaffirm limited government, although in different ways. [ 2] The U.S. Constitution achieved limited government through a separation of powers ...
Neopatrimonialism is a system of social hierarchy where patrons use state resources to secure the loyalty of clients in the general population. It is an informal patron–client relationship that can reach from very high up in state structures down to individuals in small villages. Neo-patrimonialism may underlie or supplant the bureaucratic ...
Public administration is both an academic discipline and a field of practice; the latter is depicted in this picture of U.S. federal public servants at a meeting.. Public administration, or public policy and administration refers to "the management of public programs", [1] or the "translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day", [2] and also to the academic discipline ...