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Hemoglobin A (HbA), also known as adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1 or α2β2, is the most common human hemoglobin tetramer, accounting for over 97% of the total red blood cell hemoglobin. [ 1] Hemoglobin is an oxygen-binding protein, found in erythrocytes, which transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. [ 2]
Glycated hemoglobin. Glycated hemoglobin, glycohemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin (Hb) that is chemically linked to a sugar. Several types of glycated hemoglobin measures exist, of which HbA1c, or simply A1c, is a standard single test. [ 1] Most monosaccharides, including glucose, galactose, and fructose, spontaneously ...
Hemoglobin variants are a part of the normal embryonic and fetal development. They may also be pathologic mutant forms of hemoglobin in a population, caused by variations in genetics. Some well-known hemoglobin variants, such as sickle-cell anemia, are responsible for diseases and are considered hemoglobinopathies.
Hemoglobin A2 (HbA 2) is a normal variant of hemoglobin A that consists of two alpha and two delta chains (α 2 δ 2) and is found at low levels in normal human blood.Hemoglobin A2 may be increased in beta thalassemia or in people who are heterozygous for the beta thalassemia gene.
Protein. Two alpha chains plus two beta chains constitute HbA, which in normal adult life accounts for about 97% of the total hemoglobin; alpha chains combine with delta chains to constitute HbA-2, which with HbF (fetal hemoglobin), composed of alpha and gamma chains, make up the remaining 3% of adult hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin subunit beta. In human, the HBB gene is located on chromosome 11 at position p15.5. Hemoglobin subunit beta ( beta globin, β-globin, haemoglobin beta, hemoglobin beta) is a globin protein, coded for by the HBB gene, which along with alpha globin ( HBA ), makes up the most common form of haemoglobin in adult humans, hemoglobin A (HbA ...
Two alpha chains plus two beta chains constitute HbA, which in normal adult life accounts for about 97% of the total hemoglobin; alpha chains combine with delta chains to constitute HbA-2, which with fetal hemoglobin (HbF), composed of alpha and gamma chains, make up the remaining 3% of adult hemoglobin. [ 6]
Human β-globin locus. The human β-globin locus is composed of five genes located on a short region of chromosome 11, responsible for the creation of the beta parts (roughly half) of the oxygen transport protein Haemoglobin. This locus contains not only the beta globin gene but also delta, gamma-A, gamma-G, and epsilon globin.