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Spherical trigonometry. The octant of a sphere is a spherical triangle with three right angles. Spherical trigonometry is the branch of spherical geometry that deals with the metrical relationships between the sides and angles of spherical triangles, traditionally expressed using trigonometric functions. On the sphere, geodesics are great circles.
In spherical trigonometry, the law of cosines (also called the cosine rule for sides[ 1]) is a theorem relating the sides and angles of spherical triangles, analogous to the ordinary law of cosines from plane trigonometry . Spherical triangle solved by the law of cosines. Given a unit sphere, a "spherical triangle" on the surface of the sphere ...
The intuitive argument is based upon summing the total sector volume from that of infinitesimal triangular pyramids. Utilizing the pyramid (or cone) volume formula of = ′, where is the infinitesimal area of each pyramidal base (located on the surface of the sphere) and ′ is the height of each pyramid from its base to its apex (at the center ...
The surface area of a regular tetrahedron is four times the area of an equilateral triangle: [6] = =. The height of a regular tetrahedron is 6 3 a {\textstyle {\frac {\sqrt {6}}{3}}a} . [ 7 ] The volume of a regular tetrahedron can be ascertained similarly as the other pyramids, one-third of the base and its height.
A pyramid is a polyhedron that may be formed by connecting a polygonal base and a point, called the apex. Each base edge and apex form an isosceles triangle, called a lateral face. [7] The edges connected from the polygonal base's vertices to the apex are called lateral edges. [8] Historically, the definition of a pyramid has been described by ...
Terminology for spherical segments. In geometry, a spherical segment is the solid defined by cutting a sphere or a ball with a pair of parallel planes . It can be thought of as a spherical cap with the top truncated, and so it corresponds to a spherical frustum. The surface of the spherical segment (excluding the bases) is called spherical zone .
In a small triangle on the face of the earth, the sum of the angles is only slightly more than 180 degrees. A sphere with a spherical triangle on it. Spherical geometry or spherics (from Ancient Greek σφαιρικά) is the geometry of the two- dimensional surface of a sphere [ a] or the n -dimensional surface of higher dimensional spheres .
The surface-area-to-volume ratio has physical dimension inverse length (L −1) and is therefore expressed in units of inverse metre (m -1) or its prefixed unit multiples and submultiples. As an example, a cube with sides of length 1 cm will have a surface area of 6 cm 2 and a volume of 1 cm 3. The surface to volume ratio for this cube is thus.