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e. In evolutionary biology, punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory that proposes that once a species appears in the fossil record, the population will become stable, showing little evolutionary change for most of its geological history. [ 1] This state of little or no morphological change is called stasis.
Mutualism (biology) Hummingbird hawkmoth drinking from Dianthus, with pollination being a classic example of mutualism. Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit. [ 1] Mutualism is a common type of ecological interaction.
Model organism. Escherichia coli is a gram-negative prokaryotic model organism. Drosophila melanogaster, one of the most famous subjects for genetics experiments. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one of the most intensively studied eukaryotic model organisms in molecular and cell biology. A model organism (often shortened to model) is a non-human ...
Mendelian inheritance (also known as Mendelism) is a type of biological inheritance following the principles originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, re-discovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns, and later popularized by William Bateson. [ 1] These principles were initially controversial.
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. [ 1] Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the ...
Darwinism. Charles Darwin in 1868. Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
A dose–response curve is a coordinate graph relating the magnitude of a dose (stimulus) to the response of a biological system. A number of effects (or endpoints) can be studied. The applied dose is generally plotted on the X axis and the response is plotted on the Y axis. In some cases, it is the logarithm of the dose that is plotted on the ...
Model (person) A female model posing on a typical studio shooting set. A model is a person with a role either to display commercial products (notably fashion clothing in fashion shows) or to serve as an artist's model or to pose for photography . Modelling ("modeling" in American English) is considered to be different from other types of public ...