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China was a monarchy from prehistoric times up to 1912, when a republic was established. The succession of legendary monarchs of China were non-hereditary. Dynastic rule began c. 2070 BC when Yu the Great established the Xia dynasty, [ d] and monarchy lasted until 1912 when dynastic rule collapsed together with the monarchical government. [ 5]
The following is a simplified family tree for the Qing dynasty, which was established in 1636, ruled China proper from 1644 to 1912. Those who became emperor of China are listed in bold, with their years of reign. Nurhaci was Khan of Later Jin from 1616 to 1626. Hong Taiji was Khan of Later Jin from 1626 to 1636, and Emperor of the Qing dynasty ...
Dividing Chinese history into dynastic epochs is a convenient and conventional method of periodization. [8] Accordingly, a dynasty may be used to delimit the era during which a family reigned, as well as to describe events, trends, personalities, artistic compositions, and artifacts of that period. [9]
Daoguang ( 道光) 9 March 1850 – 30 January 1851. Xianfeng ( 咸豐) 1 February 1851 – 22 August 1861. Son of Daoguang. 17 July 1831 – 22 August 1861 (aged 30) The last Chinese emperor to have personal power for the entirety of his reign, which was unstable after the Taiping Rebellion, Nian Rebellion and Second Opium War.
Mid 19th century depiction. Throughout Chinese history, "Emperor" ( Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) was the superlative title held by the monarchs who ruled various imperial dynasties or Chinese empires. In traditional Chinese political theory, the emperor was the "Son of Heaven", an autocrat with the divine mandate right to rule all under ...
The Jin dynasty ( Chinese: 晋朝; pinyin: Jìn Cháo, 266–420) was a major Chinese imperial dynasty. Following the devastation of the Three Kingdoms period, the Jin unified those territories [ 1] and fostered a brief period of prosperity between 280 and 304 CE. However, during this period many social problems developed as well, the most ...
The history of China spans several millennia across a wide geographical area. Each region now considered part of the Chinese world has experienced periods of unity, fracture, prosperity, and strife. Chinese civilization first emerged in the Yellow River valley, which along with the Yangtze basin constitutes the geographic core of the Chinese ...
The multi-ethnic Qing dynasty assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 the fourth-largest empire in world history in terms of territorial size. With over 426 million citizens in 1907, [ 13] it was the most populous country in the world at the time.