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  2. Motivation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation

    Motivation is relevant in many fields and affects educational success, work performance, consumer behavior, and athletic success. Motivation is an internal state that propels individuals to engage in goal -directed behavior. It is often understood as a force that explains why people or animals initiate, continue, or terminate a certain behavior ...

  3. Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs

    Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review. [ 1] Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human ...

  4. Self-determination theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-determination_theory

    Psychology. Self-determination theory ( SDT) is a macro theory of human motivation and personality that concerns people's innate growth tendencies and innate psychological needs. It pertains to the motivation behind people's choices in the absence of external influences and distractions. SDT focuses on the degree to which human behavior is self ...

  5. Cognitive evaluation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Evaluation_Theory

    Cognitive evaluation theory (CET) [1] is a theory in psychology that is designed to explain the effects of external consequences on internal motivation.Specifically, CET is a sub-theory of self-determination theory that focuses on competence and autonomy while examining how intrinsic motivation is affected by external forces in a process known as motivational "crowding out."

  6. Expectancy theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectancy_theory

    The expectancy theory of motivation explains the behavioral process of why individuals choose one behavioral option over the other. This theory explains that individuals can be motivated towards goals if they believe that there is a positive correlation between efforts and performance, the outcome of a favorable performance will result in a desirable reward, a reward from a performance will ...

  7. Motivation crowding theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation_crowding_theory

    Motivation crowding theory is the theory from psychology and microeconomics suggesting that providing extrinsic incentives for certain kinds of behavior—such as promising monetary rewards for accomplishing some task—can sometimes undermine intrinsic motivation for performing that behavior. The result of lowered motivation, in contrast with ...

  8. Psychology of learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_learning

    The psychology of learning refers to theories and research on how individuals learn. There are many theories of learning. Some take on a more behaviorist approach which focuses on inputs and reinforcements. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Other approaches, such as neuroscience and social cognition, focus more on how the brain's organization and structure ...

  9. Motivation and Personality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation_and_Personality

    978-0-06-041987-5. Motivation and Personality[ 1] is a book on psychology by Abraham Maslow, first published in 1954. Maslow's work deals with the subject of the nature of human fulfillment and the significance of personal relationships, implementing a conceptualization of self-actualization. [ 2] Underachievers have a need for social love and ...