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Geographic atrophy (GA), also known as atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or advanced dry AMD, is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration that can result in the progressive and irreversible loss of retinal tissue ( photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris) which can lead to a loss of visual function ...
Thus, if light was to get to those layers, many free radicals would form and cause damage to nearby tissues. The deepest layer that undergoes atrophy in geographic atrophy is called the choriocappilaris. It is a capillary network that provides nutrients to the retinal pigment epithelium. The pathophysiology of geographic atrophy is still uncertain.
Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy the gene to build up the organ), poor nourishment , poor circulation , loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ , excessive amount of apoptosis of cells, and disuse or lack of exercise or ...
Dry AMD may progress, but doesn’t always, to geographic atrophy, which can cause permanent loss of vision. “Imagine you have a camera or a computer screen and you have dead pixels on the screen.
Geographic tongue, also known by several other terms, [ note 1] is a condition of the mucous membrane of the tongue, usually on the dorsal surface. It is a common condition, affecting approximately 2–3% of the general population. [ 2][ 7] It is characterized by areas of smooth, red depapillation (loss of lingual papillae) which migrate over time.
Median rhomboid glossitis is a condition characterized by an area of redness and loss of lingual papillae on the central dorsum of the tongue, sometimes including lesions of the tongue and palate. It is seen in patients using inhaled steroids and smokers, and is usually a kind of chronic atrophic oral candidiasis, but hematinic deficiency and ...
Geographic tongue, also termed benign migratory glossitis, is a common condition which usually affects the dorsal surface of the tongue. It is characterized by patches of depapillation and erythema bordered by a whitish peripheral zone. These patches give the tongue the appearance of a map, hence the name.
Pegcetacoplan is indicated to treat adults with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. [8] [9] [11] In February 2023, the indication was updated to include the treatment of people with geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration.