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The Mongol conquest of China was a series of major military efforts by the Mongol Empire to conquer various empires ruling over China for 74 years (1205–1279). It spanned over seven decades in the 13th century and involved the defeat of the Jin dynasty , Western Liao , Western Xia , Tibet , the Dali Kingdom , the Southern Song , and the ...
The Mongols learned that a famine had struck the Jin, [6] and invaded in 1211. [7] Two armies were dispatched by the Mongols into Jin territory, with one under the command of Genghis himself. [ 8 ] The Jin built up its armies and reinforced its cities in preparation for the Mongol incursion.
The Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty (or Song–Yuan War) was the final phase of the Mongol conquest of China, beginning under Ögedei Khan (r. 1229–1241) and being completed under Kublai Khan (r. 1260–1294) .
Mongol invasion of the Jin dynasty (1211–1215) Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty (1230–1234) Conquest of Jurchen Jin by Mongols and Song dynasty Mongol conquest of China. Wanyan Heda's army still had more than 100,000 men after the battle at Mount Yu, and the Mongols adopted a strategy of exhausting the enemy.
The Mongol force which invaded southern China was far greater than the force they sent to invade the Middle East in 1256. [ 17 ] The Yuan dynasty established the top-level government agency Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs to govern Tibet , which was conquered by the Mongols and put under Yuan rule .
Mongol cavalry figurine, Yuan dynasty During the Mongol invasions and conquests, which began under Genghis Khan in 1206–1207, the Mongol army conquered most of continental Asia, including parts of the Middle East, and parts of Eastern Europe, with further (albeit eventually unsuccessful) military expeditions to various other regions including Japan, Indonesia and India.
The occupation of Outer Mongolia by the Beiyang government of the Republic of China after the revocation of Outer Mongolian autonomy (Chinese: 外蒙古撤治) began in October 1919 and lasted until 18 March 1921, when Chinese troops in Urga were routed by Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg's White Russian (Buryats, [2] Russians etc.) and Mongolian forces. [3]
North China have lost 75% of its population. [22] In 1195 North China had a population of 50 million people, while after genocides made during Mongol invasion of Jin Empire, the new census in 1235-1236 in North China shows only 8.5 million people. [22]