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"High school physics textbooks" (PDF). Reports on high school physics. American Institute of Physics; Zitzewitz, Paul W. (2005). Physics: principles and problems. New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0078458132
Action principles are "integral" approaches rather than the "differential" approach of Newtonian mechanics.[2]: 162 The core ideas are based on energy, paths, an energy function called the Lagrangian along paths, and selection of a path according to the "action", a continuous sum or integral of the Lagrangian along the path.
Variational principles are found among earlier ideas in surveying and optics.The rope stretchers of ancient Egypt stretched corded ropes between two points to measure the path which minimized the distance of separation, and Claudius Ptolemy, in his Geographia (Bk 1, Ch 2), emphasized that one must correct for "deviations from a straight course"; in ancient Greece Euclid states in his ...
History of variational principles in physics – mathematical basis of classical and quantum mechanics. History of fluid mechanics – history of the study of fluids and the forces on them. History of quantum mechanics – history of the branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena where the action is on the order of the Planck constant.
Physics portal This article is within the scope of WikiProject Physics , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Physics on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.
S K Adhikari 1998 "Variational Principles for the Numerical Solution of Scattering Problems". (New York: Wiley) C G Gray, G Karl G and V A Novikov 1996, Ann. Phys. 251 1. C.G. Gray, G. Karl, and V. A. Novikov, "Progress in Classical and Quantum Variational Principles". 11 December 2003. physics/0312071 Classical Physics. Griffiths, David J. (2004).
A theory of everything (TOE), final theory, ultimate theory, unified field theory, or master theory is a hypothetical singular, all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of physics that fully explains and links together all aspects of the universe.
They include common physical phenomena, physical quantities and physics equations (and formula, relations) as well as some general concepts in physics. The main article for this category is Outline of physics § General concepts of physics .