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The introduction of a European form of citizenship with precisely defined rights and duties was considered as long ago as the 1960s", [12] but the roots of "the key rights of EU citizenship—primarily the right to live and the right to work anywhere within the territory of the Member States—can be traced back to the free movement provisions ...
The distinction between the meaning of the terms citizenship and nationality is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers a person's legal belonging to a country and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of a state; citizenship refers to the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation. [4]
The Franco-German friendship became the basis for the political integration of Western Europe in the European Union. In 1998–1999, Germany was one of the founding countries of the eurozone. Germany remains one of the economic powerhouses of Europe, contributing about 1/4 of the eurozone's annual gross domestic product.
The European Union since 7 October 2023, [97] has had to face the resurgence of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, in particular the attack by Hamas in Israel that detonated a conflict first in the Gaza Strip, and then gradually wider to include Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Iran and Yemen.
The following timeline outlines the legal inception of the European Union (EU)—the principal framework for this unification. The EU inherited many of its present responsibilities from the European Communities (EC), which were founded in the 1950s in the spirit of the Schuman Declaration.
All form part of the European Union customs area; however, some fall outside of the Schengen Area and the European Union Value Added Tax Area. Seven Outermost Regions were recognised at the signing of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992. [1] The Treaty of Lisbon included two additional territories (Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin) in 2007. [5]
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] The union has a total area of 4,233,255 km 2 (1,634,469 sq mi) and an estimated total population of over 449 million.
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic era.