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Once children have gained a level of vocabulary knowledge, new words are learned through explanations using familiar, or "old" words. This is done either explicitly, when a new word is defined using old words, or implicitly, when the word is set in the context of old words so that the meaning of the new word is constrained. [55]
Infants also begin laughing at this stage. At 6–7 months old, infants begin to respond to their own name, yell and squeal, and distinguish emotions based on the tone of voice of the parent. Between 7 and 10 months the infant starts putting words together, for example "mama" and "dada", but these words lack meaning and significance.
Talking is the next milestone of which parents are typically aware. A toddler's first word often occurs around 12 months, but this is only an average. [23] The child will then continue to steadily add to his or her vocabulary until around the age of 18 months when language increases rapidly. He or she may learn as many as 7–9 new words a day.
Around 4 months, babies may vary their pitch, and imitate tones in adult speech. [14] Around 5 months, babies continue to experiment with sound, imitating some sounds made by adults. [14] Around 6 months, babies vary volume, pitch and rate. When infants are 6 months old they are finally able to control the opening and closing of the vocal tract ...
This was confirmed by researchers who first studied mothers' behavior towards 8-month-old infants and later tested the infants' vocabulary when they were 15 months old. [20] A first important development of infants is the discovery that they can influence their parents through babbling (development of intentional communication). [20] Parents ...
A study of 18-month-olds whose mothers had depressive symptoms while the children were 6 weeks and/or 6 months old found that maternal depression had no effect on the child's cognitive development. Furthermore, the study indicates that maternal depression combined with a poor home environment is more likely to have an effect on cognitive ...
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An explorative study found, however, that 3- to 5-month-old infants can be taught independent standing, which was considered safe. [32] Passes objects between hands. [31] Some infantile reflexes, such as the palmar grasp reflex, go away. [31] Grabs objects using a raking grasp, where fingers rake at objects to pick them up. [31]