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Air pollution is an important risk factor for various diseases, such as COPD (a common lung disease), stroke, heart disease, lung cancer and pneumonia. Indoor air pollution is also associated with cataract. [117] Air pollution has further been linked to brain disorders, such as dementia, depression, anxiety and psychosis. [118]
A clear understanding of both indoor and outdoor air quality parameters is needed to improve the performance of ventilation in terms of occupant health and energy. [7] In scenarios where outdoor pollution would deteriorate indoor air quality, other treatment devices such as filtration may also be necessary. [8]
There are air pollution experts who view smog filtration tower projects with scepticism. For example, Professor Alastair Lewis , Science Director at the NCAS , has argued that static air cleaners, like the prototypes in Beijing and Delhi, cannot process enough city air, quickly enough, to make a meaningful difference to urban pollution.
Ambient air quality criteria, or standards, are concentrations of pollutants in the air, and typically refer to outdoor air.The criteria are specified for a variety of reasons including for the protection of human health, buildings, crops, vegetation, ecosystems, as well as for planning and other purposes.
The risk of air pollution is determined by the pollutant's hazard and the amount of exposure that affects a person. [36] For example, a child who plays outdoor sports will have a higher likelihood of outdoor air pollution exposure than an adult who tends to spend more time indoors, whether at work or elsewhere. [36]
US counties that are designated "nonattainment" for the Clean Air Act's NAAQS, as of September 30, 2017. The U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS, pronounced / ˈ n æ k s / naks) are limits on atmospheric concentration of six pollutants that cause smog, acid rain, and other health hazards. [1]
The reports provide guidelines intending to give guidelines to reduce the health effects of air pollution. [ 2 ] The guidelines stipulate that PM 2.5 should not exceed 5 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 15 μg/m 3 24-hour mean; and that PM 10 should not exceed 15 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 45 μg/m 3 24-hour mean. [ 2 ]
The solution for reducing port-related pollution is multi-fold, encompassing attainable alternatives and long-term reduction goals. Examples of simple steps include a restriction on engine idling for ships in the port and the use of cleaner grade diesel fuels. Some more expensive measures can be taken to mitigate the pollution of ships.