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This article explains the phonology of Malay and Indonesian based on the pronunciation of Standard Malay, which is the official language of Brunei and Singapore, "Malaysian" of Malaysia, and Indonesian the official language of Indonesia and a working language in Timor Leste.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Malay (Malaysian and Indonesian) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Malay is an agglutinative language, and new words are formed by three methods: attaching affixes onto a root word , formation of a compound word (composition), or repetition of words or portions of words (reduplication).
The Malay language has many loanwords from Sanskrit, Persian, Tamil, Greek, Latin, Portuguese, Dutch, Siam (Old Thailand), Korean, Deutsch and Chinese languages such as Hokkien, Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka. More recently, loans have come from Arabic, English and Malay's sister languages, Javanese and Sundanese.
The Malay alphabet has a phonemic orthography; words are spelled the way they are pronounced, with a notable defectiveness: /ə/ and /e/ are both written as E/e.The names of the letters, however, differ between Indonesia and rest of the Malay-speaking countries; while Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore follow the letter names of the English alphabet, Indonesia largely follows the letter names of ...
See Luxembourgish phonology: Malay: Standard sotong [sotɔŋ] 'squid' Possible realization of /o/ and /u/ in closed final syllables. See Malay phonology: Negeri Sembilan: كيت / kita [kitɔ] 'we' (inclusive) See Negeri Sembilan Malay: Kelantan-Pattani: بياسا / biasa [bɛsɔ] 'normal' See Kelatan-Pattani Malay: Nepali: पर [pɔ̜ɾɔ̜ ...
/r/ in Standard Malay is barely articulated in almost all of the Malay dialects in Malaysia. Usually it is uttered as guttural R at initial and medial position of a word. See Malay phonology: Terengganu: Negeri Sembilan [ɣamai̯] Pahang [ɣamɛ̃ː] Sarawak [ɣamɛː] Mandarin Chinese: Central Mandarin (Dongping dialect) 俺 /ngǎn [ɣän ...
Malaysian Malay (Malay: Bahasa Melayu Malaysia) or Malaysian (Bahasa Malaysia) [7] – endonymically within Malaysia as Standard Malay (Bahasa Melayu piawai) or simply Malay (Bahasa Melayu, abbreviated to BM) – is a standardized form of the Malay language used in Malaysia and also used in Brunei Darussalam and Singapore (as opposed to the variety used in Indonesia, which is referred to as ...