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Frail elderly patients (score of 4 or 5) have even worse outcomes, with the risk of being discharged to a nursing home rising to twenty times the rate for non-frail elderly people. Another tool that has been used to predict frailty outcome post-surgery is the Modifies Frailty Index, or mFI-5. This scale consists of 5 key co-morbidities: [61]
The causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have either true or perceived muscle weakness. True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophy and inflammatory myopathy. It occurs in neuromuscular diseases, such as myasthenia gravis. Perceived muscle weakness occurs in ...
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) (/ m aɪ oʊ ˈ s aɪ t ɪ s /) (sometimes called sporadic inclusion body myositis, sIBM) is the most common inflammatory muscle disease in older adults. [2] The disease is characterized by slowly progressive weakness and wasting of both proximal muscles (located on or close to the torso ) and distal muscles (close ...
A number of expert groups have proposed an increase in dietary protein recommendations for older age groups to 1.0–1.2 g/kg body weight per day. [48] [49] Ensuring adequate nutrition in older adults is of interest in the prevention of sarcopenia and frailty, since it is a simple, low-cost treatment approach without major side effects. [50]
Malaise is a non-specific symptom and can be present in the slightest ailment, such as an emotion (causing fainting, a vasovagal response) or hunger (light hypoglycemia [2]), to the most serious conditions (cancer, stroke, heart attack, internal bleeding, etc.).
Post-exertional malaise (PEM) and exercise intolerance are common symptoms of post-acute infection syndromes. [5] Post-exertional malaise is a worsening of symptoms after minimal physical or mental activity, [6] and is a cardinal symptom of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). [7]
Falling is one of the most common accidents that cause a loss in the quality of life for older adults, and is usually precipitated by a loss of balance and weakness in the legs. [1] [2] The cause of falling in old age is often multifactorial and may require a multidisciplinary approach both to treat any injuries sustained and to prevent future ...
Fixed muscle weakness is a static symptom as the muscle will be weak regardless of exercise or rest. [ citation needed ] A majority of patients with metabolic myopathies have dynamic rather than static findings, typically experiencing exercise intolerance, muscle pain, and cramps with exercise rather than fixed weakness. [ 38 ]