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Before cooking, the iron atom is in a +2 oxidation state and bound to a dioxygen molecule (O 2), giving raw meat its red color. As meat cooks, the iron atom loses an electron, moving to a +3 oxidation state and coordinating with a water molecule (H 2 O), which causes the meat to turn brown.
18 to 20 Pound Cooking Time. Unstuffed: 4 1/4 to 4 1/2 hours ... smaller bird for a smaller party—12 pounds or less—you should allow 2 pounds per person to account for the smaller meat-to-bone ...
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More accurate measurements become important in the large volumes used in commercial food production. Also, a home cook can use greater precision at times. Water at 4.0 °C (39.2 °F) may be volumetrically measured then weighed to determine an unknown measuring-utensil volume [13] without the need for a water-density adjustment. [14]
Carryover cooking (sometimes referred to as resting) is when foods are halted from actively cooking and allowed to equilibrate under their own retained heat.Because foods such as meats are typically measured for cooking temperature near the center of mass, stopping cooking at a given central temperature means that the outer layers of the food will be at higher temperature than that measured.
There are a few simple numbers you should memorize to make sure your meat comes out right every time. This Is The Cheat Code To Getting Perfectly Cooked Meat Every Single Time Skip to main content
A meat thermometer with various cooking temperatures denoted for various meat types. The probe can be inserted into the meat before starting cooking, and cooking continued until the desired internal temperature is reached. Alternatively the meat can be cooked for a certain time and taken out of the oven, and the temperature checked before serving.
While avoiding meat or eating meat raw may be the only ways to avoid HCA's in meat fully, the National Cancer Institute states that cooking meat below 212 °F (100 °C) creates "negligible amounts" of HCA's. Also, microwaving meat before cooking may reduce HCAs by 90% by reducing the time needed for the meat to be cooked at high heat. [53]