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Christ Church Cathedral (exterior) Siege of Dublin, 1535. The Earl of Kildare's attempt to seize control of Ireland reignited English interest in the island. After the Anglo-Normans taking of Dublin in 1171, many of the city's Norse inhabitants left the old city, which was on the south side of the river Liffey and built their own settlement on the north side, known as Ostmantown or "Oxmantown".
Cornmarket, Dublin: the heart of the earliest settlement. Dublin is Ireland's oldest known settlement. It is also the largest and most populous urban centre in the country, a position it has held continuously since first rising to prominence in the 10th century (with the exception of a brief period in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when it was temporarily eclipsed by Belfast).
Since 2001, both baronies have been redesignated as the City of Dublin. Dublin Castle, with its 13th-century tower, was the fortified seat of British rule in Ireland until 1922. Dublin Castle, which became the centre of Anglo-Norman power in Ireland, was founded in 1204 as a major defensive work on the orders of King John of England. [41]
Rathlin Island. In the year 795 Vikings (probably of Norwegian origin) raided islands off the coast of Ireland for the first time. [1] This was the beginning of a new phase of Irish history, which saw many native communities – particularly ecclesiastical ones – relocate themselves on the continent, or further afield in places like Iceland and the Faroe Islands, to escape the pagan marauders.
The Pale (Irish: An Pháil) or the English Pale (An Pháil Shasanach or An Ghalltacht) was the part of Ireland directly under the control of the English government in the Late Middle Ages. It had been reduced by the late 15th century to an area along the east coast stretching north from Dalkey, south of Dublin, to the garrison town of Dundalk. [1]
1192 - Prince John, Lord of Ireland grants the citizens of Dublin by charter the ability to form guilds. [6] 1204 - John, King of England grants a licence to the corporation of Dublin to hold an annual eight-day fair in Dublin, henceforth it is known as Donnybrook Fair and continues until it is shut down by the authorities in 1855.
This victory allowed Sithric to re-establish Norse control over Dublin. Ragnall left Ireland again in 918, and became king of York. [note 10] With Sithric in Dublin and Ragnall in York, a Dublin-York axis developed which would have influence on both England and Ireland for the next half-century. [40]
Map of areas of influence in Ireland c. 1450. From the late 12th century, the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland resulted in Anglo-Norman control of much of Ireland, over which the kings of England then claimed sovereignty. [2] [3] By the late Late Middle Ages, Anglo-Norman control was limited to an area around Dublin known as the Pale. [4]