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This announcement was known as "releasing the roll" ( 放榜 ). ( c. 1540, by Qiu Ying) The imperial examination ( Chinese: 科舉; pinyin: kējǔ; lit. "subject recommendation") was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy.
Scholar-official as a concept and social class first appeared during the Warring States period; before that, the Shi and Da Fu were two different classes. During the Western Zhou dynasty, the Duke of Zhou divided the social classes into the king, feudal lords, Da Fu, Shi, ordinary people, and slaves.
A painting of a gentry scholar with two courtesans, by Tang Yin, c. 1500. The four occupations (simplified Chinese: 士农工商; traditional Chinese: 士農工商; pinyin: Shì nóng gōng shāng), or "four categories of the people" (Chinese: 四民; pinyin: sì mín), was an occupation classification used in ancient China by either Confucian or Legalist scholars as far back as the late Zhou ...
Mandarin (bureaucrat) Three Ming Dynasty mandarins of varying ranks. A 15th-century portrait of the Ming official Jiang Shunfu. The cranes on his mandarin square indicate that he was a civil official of the sixth rank. Nguyễn Văn Tường ( chữ Hán: 阮文祥, 1824–1886) was a mandarin of the Nguyễn dynasty in Vietnam.
The Three Departments and Six Ministries ( Chinese: 三省六部; pinyin: Sān Shěng Liù Bù) system was the primary administrative structure in imperial China from the Sui dynasty (581–618) to the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). It was also used by Balhae (698–926) and Goryeo (918–1392) and various other kingdoms in Manchuria, Korea and ...
The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China designed to select the best potential candidates to serve as administrative officials, for the purpose of recruiting them for the state's bureaucracy. With the avowed purpose of testing and selecting candidates for merit, the examination system markedly influenced ...
Juren. Juren ( Chinese: 舉人; lit. 'recommended man') was a rank achieved by people who passed the xiangshi ( Chinese: 鄉試) exam in the imperial examination system of imperial China. [1] The xiangshi is also known, in English, as the provincial examination. [1] It was a rank higher than the shengyuan rank, but lower than the jinshi rank ...
The eight-legged essay ( Chinese: 八股文; pinyin: bāgǔwén; lit. 'eight bone text') [1] was a style of essay in imperial examinations during the Ming and Qing dynasties in China. [1] The eight-legged essay was needed for those candidates in these civil service tests to show their merits for government service, often focusing on Confucian ...