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The hypercubes are one of the few families of regular polytopes that are represented in any number of dimensions. [8] The hypercube (offset) family is one of three regular polytope families, labeled by Coxeter as γ n. The other two are the hypercube dual family, the cross-polytopes, labeled as β n, and the simplices, labeled as α n.
The two general forms of the hypercube honeycombs are the regular form with identical hypercubic facets and one semiregular, with alternating hypercube facets, like a checkerboard. A third form is generated by an expansion operation applied to the regular form, creating facets in place of all lower-dimensional elements.
Alternation of the n-cube yields one of two n-demicubes, as in this 3-dimensional illustration of the two tetrahedra that arise as the 3-demicubes of the 3-cube.. In geometry, demihypercubes (also called n-demicubes, n-hemicubes, and half measure polytopes) are a class of n-polytopes constructed from alternation of an n-hypercube, labeled as hγ n for being half of the hypercube family, γ n.
Then the Hamming distance between any two labels is the distance between the two vertices in the tree, so this labeling shows that T is a partial cube. Every hypercube graph is itself a partial cube, which can be labeled with all the different bitstrings of length equal to the dimension of the hypercube. More complex examples include the following:
In geometry, a tesseract or 4-cube is a four-dimensional hypercube, analogous to a two-dimensional square and a three-dimensional cube. [1] Just as the perimeter of the square consists of four edges and the surface of the cube consists of six square faces , the hypersurface of the tesseract consists of eight cubical cells , meeting at right ...
In graph theory, the hypercube graph Q n is the graph formed from the vertices and edges of an n-dimensional hypercube. For instance, the cube graph Q 3 is the graph formed by the 8 vertices and 12 edges of a three-dimensional cube. Q n has 2 n vertices, 2 n – 1 n edges, and is a regular graph with n edges touching each vertex.
Phase transitions (phase changes) that help describe polymorphism include polymorphic transitions as well as melting and vaporization transitions. According to IUPAC, a polymorphic transition is "A reversible transition of a solid crystalline phase at a certain temperature and pressure (the inversion point) to another phase of the same chemical composition with a different crystal structure."
Diamond and graphite are two allotropes of carbon: pure forms of the same element that differ in crystalline structure.. Allotropy or allotropism (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (allos) 'other' and τρόπος (tropos) 'manner, form') is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state, known as allotropes of the elements.