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In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.
A coil of wire attached to the pointer twists in a magnetic field against the resistance of a torsion spring. Hooke's law ensures that the angle of the pointer is proportional to the current. A DMD or digital micromirror device chip is at the heart of many video projectors. It uses hundreds of thousands of tiny mirrors on tiny torsion springs ...
Hooke's law: The tension on a spring or other elastic object is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium. Frequently cited in Latin as "Ut tensio sic vis." Named after Robert Hooke (1635–1703). Hotelling's law in economics: Under some conditions, it is rational for competitors to make their products as nearly identical as possible.
However, if the mass is displaced from the equilibrium position, the spring exerts a restoring elastic force that obeys Hooke's law. Mathematically, F = − k x , {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =-k\mathbf {x} ,} where F is the restoring elastic force exerted by the spring (in SI units: N ), k is the spring constant ( N ·m −1 ), and x is the ...
which differs by only 1% from the 2014 CODATA value of 6.67408 × 10 −11 m 3 kg −1 s −2. [25] Today, physicists often use units where the gravitational constant takes a different form. The Gaussian gravitational constant used in space dynamics is a defined constant and the Cavendish experiment can be considered as a measurement of this ...
This linear relationship was described by Robert Hooke in 1676, for whom Hooke's law is named. If Δ x {\displaystyle \Delta x} is the displacement, the force exerted by an ideal spring equals: F = − k Δ x , {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =-k\Delta \mathbf {x} ,} where k {\displaystyle k} is the spring constant (or force constant), which is ...
[10] [177] In Hooke's time, the Royal Society met at Gresham College but within a few months of Hooke's death Newton became the Society's president and plans for a new meeting place were made. When the Royal Society moved to new premises in 1710, Hooke's was the only portrait that went missing [ 178 ] and remains so.
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational analogue of linear force. [1] It is also referred to as the moment of force (also abbreviated to moment ). The symbol for torque is typically τ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\tau }}} , the lowercase Greek letter tau .