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C# has the modifiers public, protected,internal, private, protected internal, private protected, and file. [4] Java has public, package, protected, and private; package is the default, used if no other access modifier keyword is specified. The meaning of these modifiers may differ from one language to another.
Modifiers for property accessors: private - Makes the accessor private. protected - Makes the accessor protected. public - Makes the accessor public. The default modifiers for the accessors are inherited from the property. Note that the accessor's modifiers can only be equal or more restrictive than the property's modifier.
Access levels modifiers are commonly used in Java [1] as well as C#, which further provides the internal level. [2] In C++, the only difference between a struct and a class is the default access level, which is private for classes and public for structs. [3]
In C#, Swift & Kotlin languages, internal keyword permits access only to files present in the same assembly, package, or module as that of the class. [47] In programming languages, particularly object-oriented ones, the emphasis on abstraction is vital.
As of Windows Server 2012, Microsoft has implemented an ABAC approach to controlling access to files and folders. This is achieved through dynamic access control (DAC) [11] and Security Descriptor Definition Language (SDDL). SDDL can be seen as an ABAC language as it uses metadata of the user (claims) and of the file/ folder to control access.
Much finer control of access rights can be defined using mutators and accessors. For example, a parameter may be made read-only simply by defining an accessor but not a mutator. The visibility of the two methods may be different; it is often useful for the accessor to be public while the mutator remains protected, package-private or internal.
A similar, but not equivalent, language feature is given by C#'s internal access modifier keyword, which allows classes inside the same assembly to access the private parts of other classes. This corresponds to marking each class a friend of another in the same assembly; friend classes are more fine-grained.
C# (/ ˌ s iː ˈ ʃ ɑːr p / see SHARP) [b] is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms.C# encompasses static typing, [16]: 4 strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, [16]: 22 object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.