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(this associates distinct numbers to all finite sets of natural numbers); then comparison of k-combinations can be done by comparing the associated binary numbers. In the example C and C′ correspond to numbers 1001011001 2 = 601 10 and 1010001011 2 = 651 10, which again shows that C comes before C′.
These combinations (subsets) are enumerated by the 1 digits of the set of base 2 numbers counting from 0 to 2 n − 1, where each digit position is an item from the set of n. Given 3 cards numbered 1 to 3, there are 8 distinct combinations , including the empty set:
Combinations and permutations in the mathematical sense are described in several articles. Described together, in-depth: Twelvefold way; Explained separately in a more accessible way: Combination; Permutation; For meanings outside of mathematics, please see both words’ disambiguation pages: Combination (disambiguation) Permutation ...
Note that the ancient Sanskrit sages discovered many years before Fibonacci that the number of compositions of any natural number n as the sum of 1's and 2's is the nth Fibonacci number! Note that these are not general compositions as defined above because the numbers are restricted to 1's and 2's only. 1=1 (1) 2=1+1=2 (2) 3=1+1+1=1+2=2+1 (3)
Rather, as explained under combinations, the number of n-multicombinations from a set with x elements can be seen to be the same as the number of n-combinations from a set with x + n − 1 elements. This reduces the problem to another one in the twelvefold way, and gives as result
This is the minimum number of characters needed to encode a 32 bit number into 5 printable characters in a process similar to MIME-64 encoding, since 85 5 is only slightly bigger than 2 32. Such method is 6.7% more efficient than MIME-64 which encodes a 24 bit number into 4 printable characters.
No. 32 appeared most often — 173 times — among the first five balls drawn in winning combinations, followed by the No. 39 in 163 combinations, according to data.
5 1 11 7 5 1 8 10 5 1 9 12 2 4 11 7 2 4 8 10 2 4 9 12 3 6 11 7 3 6 8 10 3 6 9 12 Weighing matrices , A generalization of Hadamard matrices that allows zero entries, are used in some combinatoric designs.