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  2. Japanese honorifics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_honorifics

    Teacher / Master (in the sense of "master and disciple") / Doctor / Professor: Used to refer to teachers as well as people who are experts in their respective fields, whether doctors, artists or lawyers. Hakase (博士、はかせ) Doctor or PhD Persons with very high academic expertise Heika (陛下、へいか) Your Majesty

  3. Maser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maser

    The laser works by the same principle as the maser, but produces higher-frequency coherent radiation at visible wavelengths. The maser was the precursor to the laser, inspiring theoretical work by Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow that led to the invention of the laser in 1960 by Theodore Maiman. When the coherent optical oscillator was first ...

  4. Rōnin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rōnin

    A samurai became a rōnin upon the death of his master, or after the loss of his master's favor or legal privilege. [2] [3] In modern Japanese, the term is usually used to describe a salaryman who is unemployed or a secondary school graduate who has not yet been admitted to university. [4] [5]

  5. Zen ranks and hierarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_ranks_and_hierarchy

    A Soen Sa Nim (Zen master; seonsa-nim; 선사님; 禪師님) is a JDPSN that has received full Dharma transmission master to master. [34] An Abbot serves a Zen center in an administrative capacity, and does not necessarily provide spiritual direction, though several are Soen Sa Nims. These individuals take care of budgets and other such tasks ...

  6. Shihan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shihan

    Shihan is a Japanese term that is used in many Japanese martial arts as an honorific title for expert or senior instructors. It can be translated as "master instructor". The use of the term is specific to a school or organization, as is the process of b

  7. Sensei - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensei

    In Japanese, sensei is still used to address people of both genders. It is likely both the current Southern Chinese and Japanese usages are more reflective of its Middle Chinese etymology . For Hokkien and Teochew communities in Singapore and Malaysia, " Sensei " is the proper word to address school teachers.

  8. Sōke - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sōke

    The English translation of sōke as "grand master" is not a literal translation but it does see use by some Japanese sources. It can mean one who is the leader of any school or the master of a style, but it is most commonly used as a highest level Japanese title, referring to the singular leader of a school or style of martial art. The term ...

  9. Itamae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itamae

    It is a common Japanese legend that a truly great itamae-san ("san" is an honorific suffix) should be able to create nigirizushi in which all of the rice grains face the same direction. Itamae training is conducted all over the world, including Japan, the USA and the UK. The process can take from 2 to 20 years.