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[1] The change in the extent of reaction is then defined as [2] [3] = where denotes the number of moles of the reactant or product and is the stoichiometric number [4] of the reactant or product. Although less common, we see from this expression that since the stoichiometric number can either be considered to be dimensionless or to have units ...
The Evans balance is capable of measuring within a range of 0.001 x 10 −7 to 1.99 x 10 −7 CGS volume susceptibility units. [7] The original model demonstrated an accuracy within 1% of literature values for diamagnetic solutions and within 2% for paramagnetic solids. [ 5 ]
The mathematics of gambling is a collection of probability applications encountered in games of chance and can get included in game theory.From a mathematical point of view, the games of chance are experiments generating various types of aleatory events, and it is possible to calculate by using the properties of probability on a finite space of possibilities.
The size of the simulation box must also be large enough to prevent periodic artifacts from occurring due to the unphysical topology of the simulation. In a box that is too small, a macromolecule may interact with its own image in a neighboring box, which is functionally equivalent to a molecule's "head" interacting with its own "tail".
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Since E s values are large and negative for bulkier substituents, it follows that: If δ is positive, increasing steric bulk decreases the reaction rate and steric effects are greater in the transition state. If δ is negative, increasing steric bulk increases the reaction rate and steric effects are lessened in the transition state.
if H = 1/2 then the process is in fact a Brownian motion or Wiener process; if H > 1/2 then the increments of the process are positively correlated; if H < 1/2 then the increments of the process are negatively correlated. Fractional Brownian motion has stationary increments X(t) = B H (s+t) − B H (s) (the value is the same for any s).
Here, 1 / f eq is an integer value. Each solute can produce one or more equivalents of reactive species when dissolved. In redox reactions, the equivalence factor describes the number of electrons that an oxidizing or reducing agent can accept or donate. Here, 1 / f eq can have a fractional (non-integer) value.