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Euoplocephalus (/ j uː ˌ ɒ p l oʊ ˈ s ɛ f əl ə s / yoo-OP-loh-SEF-ə-ləs) is a genus of large herbivorous ankylosaurid dinosaurs, living during the Late Cretaceous of Canada. It has only one named species, Euoplocephalus tutus. The first fossil of Euoplocephalus was found in 1897 in Alberta.
He also thought jaw movement was limited to up and down movements. Extrapolating from this, Haas suggested that ankylosaurs ate relatively soft non-abrasive vegetation. [24] Later research on Euoplocephalus indicates that forward and sideways jaw movement was possible in these animals, the skull being able to withstand considerable forces. [25]
Ankylosauridae (/ ˌ æ ŋ k ɪ l oʊ ˈ s ɔː r ɪ d iː /) is a family of armored dinosaurs within Ankylosauria, and is the sister group to Nodosauridae.The oldest known ankylosaurids date to around 122 million years ago and went extinct 66 million years ago during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. [1]
The origin of ankylosaurs is poorly understood, and only a few specimens from the Middle Jurassic are known. [13] The ancestry of ankylosaurs has long been sought among stegosaurs, the closest group to ankylosaurs compared to other dinosaurs. Currently, ankylosaurs are a close group of stegosaurs within the Eurypoda clade. [14]
Ankylosaurinae is formally defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade containing Ankylosaurus magniventris, but not Shamosaurus scutatus". [2] [3] [4] The tribe Ankylosaurini is defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade containing Ankylosaurus magniventris, but not Pinacosaurus grangeri and Saichania chulsanensis".
Skeletal mounts of the ankylosaur Scolosaurus. This timeline of ankylosaur research is a chronological listing of events in the history of paleontology focused on the ankylosaurs, quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaurs who were protected by a covering bony plates and spikes and sometimes by a clubbed tail.
These teeth are also proportionately large compared to those of other ankylosaurs, with the largest measuring 10 millimetres (0.39 inches) across. [4] This compares to the much larger North American Euoplocephalus, 6–7 m (20–23 ft) in body length, which had teeth averaging only 7.5 mm (0.30 in) across. [7]
Euoplocephalus tutus: CMN 0210 [67] Canadian Museum of Nature: Campanian: Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta: Partial skull and numerous osteoderms [67] Originally named Stereocephalus before it was discovered that that genus was already occupied, has also been referred to the nomen dubium Paleoscincus as well as to Ankylosaurus [67] [68]