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The final release date of the JPA 1.0 specification was 11 May 2006 as part of Java Community Process JSR 220. The JPA 2.0 specification was released 10 December 2009 (the Java EE 6 platform requires JPA 2.0 [2]). The JPA 2.1 specification was released 22 April 2013 (the Java EE 7 platform requires JPA 2.1 [3]). The JPA 2.2 specification was ...
Hibernate ORM (or simply Hibernate) is an object–relational mapping [2]: §1.2.2, [12] tool for the Java programming language. It provides a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a relational database .
Jakarta Persistence (JPA) are specifications about object-relational mapping between relation database tables and Java classes. Jakarta Transactions (JTA) contains the interfaces and annotations to interact with the transaction support offered by Jakarta EE. Even though this API abstracts from the really low-level details, the interfaces are ...
Starting with version 3.1, JDBC has been developed under the Java Community Process. JSR 54 specifies JDBC 3.0 (included in J2SE 1.4), JSR 114 specifies the JDBC Rowset additions, and JSR 221 is the specification of JDBC 4.0 (included in Java SE 6). [2] JDBC 4.1, is specified by a maintenance release 1 of JSR 221 [3] and is included in Java SE ...
Java Data Objects (JDO) is a specification of Java object persistence.One of its features is a transparency of the persistence services to the domain model.JDO persistent objects are ordinary Java programming language classes (); there is no requirement for them to implement certain interfaces or extend from special classes.
BEA Systems acquired SolarMetric in 2005, where Kodo was expanded to be an implementation of both the JDO (JSR 12) [2] and JPA (JSR 220) [3] specifications. In 2006, BEA donated a large part of the Kodo source code to the Apache Software Foundation under the name OpenJPA.
A JDBC driver is a software component enabling a Java application to interact with a database. [1] JDBC drivers are analogous to ODBC drivers , ADO.NET data providers , and OLE DB providers . To connect with individual databases, JDBC (the Java Database Connectivity API ) requires drivers for each database.
A JDBC-ODBC bridge consists of a JDBC driver which employs an ODBC driver to connect to a target database. This driver translates JDBC method calls into ODBC function calls. Programmers usually use such a bridge when a given database lacks a JDBC driver, but is accessible through an ODBC driver.