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Orbital velocity may refer to the following: The orbital angular velocity; The orbital speed of a revolving body in a gravitational field. The velocity of particles due to wave motion, such as those in wind waves; The equivalent velocity of a bound electron needed to produce its orbital kinetic energy
In gravitationally bound systems, the orbital speed of an astronomical body or object (e.g. planet, moon, artificial satellite, spacecraft, or star) is the speed at which it orbits around either the barycenter (the combined center of mass) or, if one body is much more massive than the other bodies of the system combined, its speed relative to the center of mass of the most massive body.
The state of an orbiting body at any given time is defined by the orbiting body's position and velocity with respect to the central body, which can be represented by the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates (position of the orbiting body represented by x, y, and z) and the similar Cartesian components of the orbiting body's velocity.
The greater the velocity of the rocket and payload during the burn the greater is the displacement and the work done, and the greater the increase in kinetic energy of the rocket and its payload. As the velocity of the rocket increases, progressively more of the available kinetic energy goes to the rocket and its payload, and less to the exhaust.
Orbital position vector, orbital velocity vector, other orbital elements. In astrodynamics and celestial dynamics, the orbital state vectors (sometimes state vectors) of an orbit are Cartesian vectors of position and velocity that together with their time () uniquely determine the trajectory of the orbiting body in space.
A wide variety of sources [5] [6] [7] define LEO in terms of altitude.The altitude of an object in an elliptic orbit can vary significantly along the orbit. Even for circular orbits, the altitude above ground can vary by as much as 30 km (19 mi) (especially for polar orbits) due to the oblateness of Earth's spheroid figure and local topography.
Approaching velocity of Messier 98 to our galaxy. 192,000: 690,000: 430,000 0.00064: Predicted [needs update] top speed of the Parker Solar Probe at its closest perihelion in 2024. [29] [30] 200,000: 700,000: 450,000 0.00070: Orbital speed of the Solar System in the Milky Way galaxy. 308,571: 1,080,000: 694,288 0.001: Approaching velocity of ...
When in space, the purpose of a propulsion system is to change the velocity, or v, of a spacecraft. [ 7 ] In-space propulsion begins where the upper stage of the launch vehicle leaves off, performing the functions of primary propulsion , reaction control , station keeping , precision pointing , and orbital maneuvering .