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Senior commanders are known to have worn white cloaks and plumes. The centurions, who made up the officer ranks, had decorations on their chest plates corresponding to modern medals, and the long cudgels that they carried. Examples of items of Roman military personal armour included: Galea or soldier's helmet.
The vine staff, vine-staff, or centurion's staff [1] (Latin: vitis) [2] was a vinewood rod of about 1 m (3 ft) in length used in the ancient Roman army [3] [4] and navy. [5] It was the mark and tool of the centurion : [ 6 ] both as an implement in the direction of drill and maneuvers [ citation needed ] ; and to beat wayward or laggard soldiers ...
Re-enactor with Pompeii-type gladius The Mainz Gladius on display at the British Museum, London. Gladius is the general Latin word for 'sword'. In the Roman Republic, the term gladius Hispaniensis (Spanish sword) referred (and still refers) specifically to the short sword, 60 cm (24 inches) long, used by Roman legionaries from the 3rd century BC.
The World of the Fullo: Work, Economy, and Society in Roman Italy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199659357. Flower, Harriet I. (2004). The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00390-2. Phang, Sar Elise (2008). Roman Military Service: Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early ...
Over its lifetime, the lorica hamata remained in constant use by legionaries and it was the preferred armor of centurions, [7] who favored its greater coverage and lower maintenance. Constant friction kept the rings of the lorica hamata free of rust. [7] Only the richest soldiers could afford to wear it. [8]
Here’s how the middle finger became the most obscene digit. Naughty Grecians likely developed the phallic gesture around 2,500 years ago to offend each other. Here’s how the middle finger ...
The best centurions were then promoted to the first cohort and known as the primi ordines, commanding one of the cohort's five centuries and taking on a staff role. The most senior centurion of the legion was the primus pilus who commanded the first century of the first cohort. All centurions, however senior, had their own allocated century.
Around the middle of the third century the lorica segmentata fell out of favor with the Roman army, although it did remain in use during the Late Roman Empire. [1] Soldiers wearing the lorica segmentata were depicted on the Arch of Constantine, a monument erected in Rome in 315.