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  2. Hard disk drive failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive_failure

    Data from a failed drive can sometimes be partially or totally recovered if the platters' magnetic coating is not totally destroyed. Specialized companies carry out data recovery, at significant cost. It may be possible to recover data by opening the drives in a clean room and using appropriate equipment to replace or revitalize failed ...

  3. Volume boot record - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_boot_record

    The boot code in the VBR can assume that the BIOS has set up its data structures and interrupts and initialized the hardware. The code should not assume more than 32 KB of memory to be present for fail-safe operation; [1] if it needs more memory it should query INT 12h for it, since other pre-boot code (such as f.e. BIOS extension overlays, encryption systems, or remote bootstrap loaders) may ...

  4. Memory leak - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_leak

    Even if the leaking program is terminated, it may take some time for other programs to swap back into main memory, and for performance to return to normal. When all the memory on a system is exhausted (whether there is virtual memory or only main memory, such as on an embedded system) any attempt to allocate more memory will fail.

  5. TestDisk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TestDisk

    TestDisk is a free and open-source data recovery utility that helps users recover lost partitions or repair corrupted filesystems. [1] TestDisk can collect detailed information about a corrupted drive, which can then be sent to a technician for further analysis.

  6. File system fragmentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system_fragmentation

    Thus, fragmentation is an important problem in file system research and design. The containment of fragmentation not only depends on the on-disk format of the file system, but also heavily on its implementation. [9] File system fragmentation has less performance impact upon solid-state drives, as there is no mechanical seek time involved. [10]

  7. Hot spare - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spare

    The hot spare disk reduces the mean time to recovery (MTTR) for the RAID redundancy group, thus reducing the probability of a second disk failure and the resultant data loss that would occur in any singly redundant RAID (e.g., RAID-1, RAID-5, RAID-10). Typically, a hot spare is available to replace a number of different disks and systems ...

  8. Cyclic redundancy check - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check

    Otherwise, the data is assumed to be error-free (though, with some small probability, it may contain undetected errors; this is inherent in the nature of error-checking). [ 6 ] Data integrity

  9. System partition and boot partition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_partition_and_boot...

    The system partition is the disk partition that contains the operating system folder, known as the system root. By default, in Linux, operating system files are mounted at / (the root directory). In Linux, a single partition can be both a boot and a system partition if both /boot/ and the root directory are in the same partition.