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[90] [89] Children are more prone to heat stress because they cannot regulate their body temperature as effectively as adults. [91] Children are particularly vulnerable to poor air quality due to their faster breathing rates and higher air intake relative to their body weight, which increases their exposure to toxic substances in the air. [92]
Cold shock response is a series of neurogenic cardio-respiratory responses caused by sudden immersion in cold water. In cold water immersions, such as by falling through thin ice, cold shock response is perhaps the most common cause of death. [ 1 ]
Allen's rule is a biological rule that says the limbs of endotherms are shorter in cold climates and longer in hot climates. Limb length affects the body's surface area, which helps with thermoregulation. Shorter limbs help to conserve heat, while longer limbs help to dissipate heat. [13]
Colds are minor infections of the nose and throat and are caused by more than 200 different viruses, according to the American Lung Association.
Hypothermia has two main types of causes. It classically occurs from exposure to cold weather and cold water immersion. It may also occur from any condition that decreases heat production or increases heat loss. [1] Commonly, this includes alcohol intoxication but may also include low blood sugar, anorexia and advanced age.
Poor air quality can also cause some symptoms such as difficulty breathing, coughing, and headaches. [8] Typically pollutants irritate the respiratory system and trigger respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic bronchitis that make it difficult for them to go outside. During air stagnation events, it is recommended for children, elders ...
Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional injury and death worldwide, and the highest rates are among children. Overall, drowning is the most common fatal injury among children aged 1–4 years in the USA , [ 8 ] and is the second highest cause of death altogether in that age range, after congenital defects.
With emphysema the shortness of breath due to effective bronchoconstriction from excessive very thick mucus blockage (it is so thick that great difficulty is encountered in expelling it resulting in near exhaustion at times) can bring on panic attacks unless the individual expects this and has effectively learned pursed lip breathing to more quickly transfer oxygen to the blood via the damaged ...