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A prolactinoma is a tumor of the pituitary gland that produces the hormone prolactin. It is the most common type of functioning pituitary tumor . [ 1 ] Symptoms of prolactinoma are due to abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood ( hyperprolactinemia ), or due to pressure of the tumor on surrounding brain tissue and/or the optic nerves .
[39] [18] Prolactin levels over 500 ng/mL usually indicates the presence of macroprolactinoma, however, in patients with elevated serum prolactin ( >250 ng/mL) without evidence of prolactinoma, some medications such as metoclopramide, a dopamine receptor antagonist, can result in elevation of prolactin ( >200 ng/mL) in patients with no evidence ...
The condition can occur in males as well as females. Relatively common etiologies include prolactinoma, medication effect, kidney failure, granulomatous diseases of the pituitary gland, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur.
Prolactin cells are acidophilic by hematoxylin & eosin stains and, If these cells undergo neoplastic transformation, they will give rise to a prolactinoma, a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma. [3] Prolactinoma is a tumor of the pituitary gland that is typically non-cancerous. This disorder is more common in females than males.
These medications can be combined for a synergistic effect. Medication therapy is often used in conjunction with radiation therapy for corticotropinomas. [68] Surgery is a common treatment for pituitary tumors. The normal approach is trans-sphenoidal adenectomy, which usually can remove the tumor without affecting the brain or optic nerves. [70]
Prolactin inhibitors are mainly used to treat hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin levels). [1] Agonists of the dopamine D 2 receptor such as bromocriptine and cabergoline are able to strongly suppress pituitary prolactin secretion and thereby decrease circulating prolactin levels, and so are most commonly used as prolactin inhibitors. [1]
Cabergoline, sold under the brand name Dostinex among others, is a dopaminergic medication used in the treatment of high prolactin levels, prolactinomas, Parkinson's disease, and for other indications. [3]
5617 19109 Ensembl ENSG00000172179 ENSMUSG00000021342 UniProt P01236 P06879 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000948 NM_001163558 NM_001163530 NM_011164 RefSeq (protein) NP_000939 NP_001157030 NP_001157002 NP_035294 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 22.29 – 22.3 Mb Chr 13: 27.24 – 27.25 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Prolactin (PRL), also known as lactotropin and mammotropin, is a protein ...