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A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink.It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in which the cloth, paper, or other medium was brushed or rubbed repeatedly to achieve the transfer of ink and accelerated the process.
The global spread of the printing press began with the invention of the printing press with movable type by Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany c. 1439. [1] Western printing technology was adopted in all world regions by the end of the 19th century, displacing the manuscript and block printing .
The general form of letterpress printing with a platen press shows the relationship between the forme (the type), the pressure, the ink, and the paper. Letterpress printing is a technique of relief printing for producing many copies by repeated direct impression of an inked, raised surface against individual sheets of paper or a continuous roll ...
The Printing Revolution in the 15th century: Within several decades around 270 European towns took up movable-type printing. [40] European output of movable-type printing from Gutenberg to 1800 [41] Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany, invented the printing press, using a metal movable type system.
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[28] [80] The moveable type printing-press seized from Korea by Toyotomi Hideyoshi's forces in 1593 was also in use at the same time as the printing press from Europe. An edition of the Confucian Analects was printed in 1598, using a Korean moveable type printing press, at the order of Emperor Go-Yōzei. [28] [81]
A perrotine printing machine Double sided Perrotinen printing machine (1909) Haubold GmbH, Chemnitz (Blue Printing Museum Pápa, Hungary). The perrotine is a block-printing machine invented by Louis-Jérôme Perrot (1798 in Senlis – 1878 in Paris), [1] and practically speaking is the only successful mechanical device ever introduced for this purpose.
Printing in a press: presses only seem to have been used in Asia in relatively recent times. Printing-presses were used from about 1480 for European prints and block-books, and before that for woodcut book illustrations. Simple weighted presses may have been used in Europe before the print-press, but firm evidence is lacking.