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A controlled ankle motion walking boot, also referred to as a controlled ankle movement walking boot, below knee walking boot, CAM boot, CAM walker, or moon boot, is an orthopedic device prescribed for the treatment and stabilization of severe sprains, [3] fractures, and tendon or ligament tears in the ankle or foot.
When the boot or shoes are taken off, there is a cramp-like pain in the affected forefoot, and moderate local edema appears on the dorsal aspect. On moving each toe in turn, that of the involved metatarsal causes pain, and when the bone is palpated from the dorsal surface, a point of tenderness is found directly over the lesion.
This is a common problem that can affect the joints and bones of the metatarsals. Metatarsalgia is most often localized to the first metatarsal head – the ball of the foot just behind the big toe. There are two small sesamoid bones under the first metatarsal head. The next most frequent site of metatarsal head pain is under the second metatarsal.
[3] [5] In reaction to the loss of cartilage, the bones thicken at the joint surface, resulting in subchondral sclerosis. Also, bony outgrowths, called osteophytes (also known as “bone spurs”), are formed at the joint margins. [6] The main symptom is pain, particularly with gripping and pinching.
An ankle fracture is a break of one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint. [1] Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising , and an inability to walk on the injured leg. [ 1 ] Complications may include an associated high ankle sprain , compartment syndrome , stiffness, malunion , and post-traumatic arthritis .
A Jones fracture is a broken bone in a specific part of the fifth metatarsal of the foot between the base and middle part [8] that is known for its high rate of delayed healing or nonunion. [4] It results in pain near the midportion of the foot on the outside. [ 2 ]
The symptoms of post-traumatic arthritis are similar to the ones occurring with osteoarthritis. General symptoms are stiffness , swelling, synovial effusion , pain, redness, tenderness , grinding, instability and intra-articular bleeding of the injured joint .
Freiberg disease, also known as a Freiberg infraction, is a form of avascular necrosis in the metatarsal bone of the foot. It generally develops in the second metatarsal, but can occur in any metatarsal. Physical stress causes multiple tiny fractures where the middle of the metatarsal meets the growth plate.