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  2. Antenna types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_types

    Isotropic antennas, which don't actually exist, should not be confused with omnidirectional antennas, which are real and fairly common. An isotropic antenna radiates equal power in all three dimensions, while an omnidirectional antenna radiates equal power in all horizontal directions, but little or none

  3. Omnidirectional antenna - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnidirectional_antenna

    Omnidirectional radiation patterns are produced by the simplest practical antennas, monopole and dipole antennas, consisting of one or two straight rod conductors on a common axis. Antenna gain (G) is defined as antenna efficiency (e) multiplied by antenna directivity (D) which is expressed mathematically as: =.

  4. Isotropic radiator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotropic_radiator

    In antenna theory, an isotropic antenna is a hypothetical antenna radiating the same intensity of radio waves in all directions. [1] It thus is said to have a directivity of 0 dBi (dB relative to isotropic) in all directions. Since it is entirely non-directional, it serves as a hypothetical worst-case against which directional antennas may be ...

  5. Radiation pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_pattern

    These axially symmetric antennas have radiation patterns with a similar symmetry, called omnidirectional patterns; they radiate equal power in all directions perpendicular to the antenna, with the power varying only with the angle to the axis, dropping off to zero on the antenna's axis. This illustrates the general principle that if the shape ...

  6. Directivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directivity

    The directivity is defined as the ratio of the maximum signal strength S radiated by the antenna to the signal strength S iso radiated by the isotropic antenna = Since the directional antenna radiates most of its power into a small solid angle around the z-axis its maximum signal strength is much larger than the isotropic antenna which spreads ...

  7. Antenna (radio) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio)

    The antenna gain, or power gain of an antenna is defined as the ratio of the intensity (power per unit surface area) radiated by the antenna in the direction of its maximum output, at an arbitrary distance, divided by the intensity radiated at the same distance by a hypothetical isotropic antenna which radiates equal power in all directions.

  8. Antenna measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_measurement

    Antenna directivity is the ratio of maximum radiation intensity (power per unit surface) radiated by the antenna in the maximum direction divided by the intensity radiated by a hypothetical isotropic antenna radiating the same total power as that antenna. For example, a hypothetical antenna which had a radiated pattern of a hemisphere (1/2 ...

  9. Isotropy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotropy

    An isotropic antenna is an idealized "radiating element" used as a reference; an antenna that broadcasts power equally (calculated by the Poynting vector) in all directions. The gain of an arbitrary antenna is usually reported in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna, and is expressed as dBi or dB(i).

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