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  2. Cardiac output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_output

    Major factors influencing cardiac output – heart rate and stroke volume, both of which are variable. [1]In cardiac physiology, cardiac output (CO), also known as heart output and often denoted by the symbols , ˙, or ˙, [2] is the volumetric flow rate of the heart's pumping output: that is, the volume of blood being pumped by a single ventricle of the heart, per unit time (usually measured ...

  3. Cardiac physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_physiology

    Cardiac output as shown on an ECG. Cardiac output (CO) is a measurement of the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle (stroke volume, SV) in one minute. To calculate this, multiply stroke volume (SV), by heart rate (HR), in beats per minute. [1] It can be represented by the equation: CO = HR x SV [1]

  4. Cardiorespiratory fitness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiorespiratory_fitness

    The cardiovascular system responds to changing demands on the body by adjusting cardiac output, blood flow, and blood pressure. Cardiac output is defined as the product of heart rate and stroke volume which represents the volume of blood being pumped by the heart each minute. Cardiac output increases during physical activity due to an increase ...

  5. Frank–Starling law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank–Starling_law

    The Frank-Starling mechanism allows the cardiac output to be synchronized with the venous return, arterial blood supply and humoral length, [2] without depending upon external regulation to make alterations. The physiological importance of the mechanism lies mainly in maintaining left and right ventricular output equality. [1] [3]

  6. Hemodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemodynamics

    In a normal circulatory system, the volume of blood returning to the heart each minute is approximately equal to the volume that is pumped out each minute (the cardiac output). [12] Because of this, the velocity of blood flow across each level of the circulatory system is primarily determined by the total cross-sectional area of that level.

  7. Cardiovascular physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_physiology

    When there is a major and immediate decrease (such as that due to hemorrhage or standing up), the body can increase the following: Heart rate; Total peripheral resistance (primarily due to vasoconstriction of arteries) Inotropic state; In turn, this can have a significant impact upon several other variables: Stroke volume; Cardiac output; Pressure

  8. Heart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart

    Cardiac output (CO) is a measurement of the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle (stroke volume) in one minute. This is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume (SV) by the beats per minute of the heart rate (HR). So that: CO = SV x HR. [8] The cardiac output is normalized to body size through body surface area and is called the cardiac ...

  9. Pathophysiology of hypertension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of...

    Cardiac output and peripheral resistance are the two determinants of arterial pressure. [6] Cardiac output is determined by stroke volume and heart rate; stroke volume is related to myocardial contractility and to the size of the vascular compartment. Peripheral resistance is determined by functional and anatomic changes in small arteries and ...